Priming effect of bamboo (Phyllostanchys edulis Carrière) biochar application in a soil amended with legume

Figures & data

Table 1 Selected properties of soil, biochar and organic amendment (crotalaria) used in this study.

	pH (H2O)^†	Total C^‡ (g kg^−1)	Total N^‡ (g kg^−1)	C/N	OC^§ (g kg^−1)	NH4-N^¶ (mg kg^−1)	Sand^# (%)	Silt^# (%)	Clay^# (%)	FC^†† (%)	VM^†† (%)	Ash^†† (%)
Soil	6.80	8.80	0.92	9.57	7.80	1.72	20	63	15	–	–	–
Biochar	8.68	757	5.54	136	1.64	0.30	–	–	–	80.2	17.3	2.5
Organic amendment	–	378	18.8	20.1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

^† Measured with 1:2.5 and 1:50 (w/w) for soil:water and biochar:water ratios, respectively, using a pH meter.

^‡ Measured using a CHN recorder.

^§ Total organic carbon (OC) measured by Walkley–Black procedure for soil and water extractable OC analyzed by shaking for 24 h with 1:10 biochar:water (w/w) ratio for biochar (Luo et al. 2011).

^¶ Extracted by 2 mol L^–1 KCl and measured by indophenol blue method at 630 nm using a spectrophotometer.

^# Determined using a hydrometer method.

^†† Fixed carbon (FC), volatile matter (VM) and ash determined by thermal gravimetric analysis using a simultaneous differential thermogravimetry. The weight loss between 110 and 900°C under N₂ is considered VM, whereas the weight loss when temperature is reduced to 750°C under O₂ is considered FC. The remaining fraction is ash (Pereira et al. 2011). Total C: total carbon; Total N: total nitrogen; OC: organic carbon; NH4-N: ammonium nitrogen; FC: fixed carbon; VM: volatile matter; KCl: potassium chloride.

Figure 1. Cumulative carbon dioxide (CO₂) released from the soils during incubation.

Control: soil only, BC: soil with biochar only applied, OA: soil with organic amendment only applied, BC+OA: soil with biochar and organic amendment simultaneously applied, BCP+OA: soil with biochar applied 5 wk prior to organic amendment application. Error bars represent standard deviations. Different letters denote significant differences (p < 0.05) by LSD.

Luo Y, Durenkamp M, De Nobili M, Lin Q, Brookes PC 2011: Short term soil priming effects and the mineralisation of biochar following its incorporation to soils of different pH. Soil Biol. Biochem., 43, 2304–2314. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.07.020

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Pereira RC, Kaal J, Arbestain MC, Lorenzo RP, Aitkenhead W, Hedley M, Macías F, Hindmarsh J, Maciá-Agulló JA 2011: Contribution to characterisation of biochar to estimate the labile fraction of carbon. Org. Geochem., 42, 1331–1342. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.09.002

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