Characteristics of phosphorus fractions in the soils derived from sedimentary and serpentinite rocks in lowland tropical rain forests, Borneo

Figures & data

Table 1. General description on climate, ecosystem, and soil properties of the two forests on sedimentary rock and serpentinite rock on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo.

	Sedimentary site	Serpentinite site
Elevation (m)	650	700
Annual mean temperature (°C) ^a	23.9	23.6
Annual mean precipitation (mm) ^a	2392	2392
Above ground biomass (kg m^−2) ^b	43.7	55.4
pH (H2O) ^c	3.9	4.8
Soil total organic carbon (mg C g^−1) ^c	29.8	30.3
CN ratio ^c	12	15
Dithionite extracted Fe (mg Fe g^−1) ^d	21	309
Oxalate extracted Fe (mg Fe g^−1) ^e	5.3	2.4
Soil-specific surface area (m^2 g^−1) ^f	31.4	96.7
Bray-1 P (µg P g^−1) ^g	2.18	0.94

^aFrom Kitayama (1992).

^bFrom Kitayama and Aiba (2002).

^cFrom Wagai et al. (2008) using 0–10 cm surface mineral horizon.

^dFrom Wagai and Mayer (2007) using 0–10 cm surface mineral horizon.

^eFrom Wagai et al. (2013) using 0–10 cm surface mineral horizon.

^fFrom Wagai et al. (2009) using 0–10 cm surface mineral horizon after organic matter removal.

^gFrom Mori et al. (2016) using the same soil samples as this study.

Table 2. Mean (±SD) concentration (µg P g⁻¹ soil) and proportion in NaOH-EDTA extracts (%) of each soil P fraction of the sedimentary soils and the serpentinite soils.

	Site	Ortho-phosphate		Monoesters		Diesters		Pyro-phosphate		NaOH-EDTA P
Concentration (µg g^– ^1 soil)	Sedimentary	20.5	(2.1)	48.8	(3.7)	20.7	(2.5)	2.4	(1.3)	92.5	(5.6)
	Serpentinite	14.6	(1.7)	53	(8.1)	12.8	(3.7)	23.3	(5.6)	103.7	(14.6)
Proportion (%)	Sedimentary	22.2	(2.9)	52.8	(2.1)	22.4	(1.8)	2.6	(1.2)	100
	Serpentinite	14.4	(2.8)	51.1	(2.8)	12.2	(2.7)	22.4	(3.1)	100

Figure 1. Examples of solution ³¹P-NMR spectra of NaOH-EDTA extracts of the sedimentary soils and the serpentinite soils. The boxes show the detailed spectra in an orthophosphate and monoester region (6.5–3.0 ppm). Each signal shows A, MDPA (17.5 ppm); B, orthophosphate (6.2 ppm); C, monoester-P (6.0–4.0 ppm); D, diester-P (−0.1 ppm); E, pyrophosphate (−4.1 ppm); and F, scyllo-IP₆ (4.2 ppm). Four vertical lines in each box show the chemical shifts of myo-IP₆ (5.97 ppm: C-2 phosphate on the inositol ring, 5.00 ppm: C-4 and C-6, 4.61 ppm: C-1 and C-3, and 4.50 ppm: C-5). The chemical shifts of myo-IP₆ were estimated from the relative positions of myo-IP₆ and scyllo-IP₆ reported on the literature reference (Cade-Menun 2015) and the chemical shift of scyllo-IP₆ (4.19 ppm) in this study as a criterion. Black vertical lines in each box describe just the ratio of each height of four peaks of myo-IP₆ (1:2:2:1) as a reference but do not represent the observed height of the peaks.

Figure 2. Mean values of phosphatase activities of the sedimentary soils and the serpentinite soils (n = 5). Error bars are standard deviations; t-test (p < 0.05).

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