Effects of co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 and Streptomyces griseoflavus P4 on plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nutrient uptake, and yield of soybean in a field condition

Figures & data

Table 1. Physicochemical properties of soil.

Physicochemical property (field)	Values
Soil pH (Soil:H2O; 1:2.5)	6.38
Total N (%)	0.15
Total P2O5 (%)	0.28
Available N (mg N/100 g soil)	0.07
Available P (mg P2O5/100 g soil)	29.75
CEC (cmolc kg^−1)	10.05
Exc. K (cmolc kg^−1)	0.12
Exc. Ca (cmolc kg^−1)	2.84
Exc. Mg (cmolc kg^−1)	0.28

Table 2. Effect of co-inoculation of B. japonicum SAY3-7 and S. griseoflavus on nodule number, nodule, shoot, and root dry weights of Yezin-6 soybean cultivar at different growth stages.

Growth stage	Treatment	NN (No. hill^−1)	NDW (g hill^−1)	RDW (g hill^−1)	SDW (g hill^−1)
V6	Control	36.7 ± 0.5b	0.10 ± 0.03b	0.97 ± 0.28a	4.15 ± 1.34a
	P4	55.3 ± 16.5ab	0.19 ± 0.03ab	1.07 ± 0.02a	4.57 ± 0.37a
	SAY3-7	55.7 ± 6.3ab	0.14 ± 0.03ab	0.93 ± 0.21a	3.79 ± 0.25a
	SAY3-7 + P4	86.0 ± 10.2a	0.22 ± 0.02a	1.17 ± 0.19a	5.16 ± 0.61a
R2	Control	33.3 ± 6.2c	0.18 ± 0.08a	2.00 ± 0.55a	9.30 ± 0.48a
	P4	49.0 ± 6.2bc	0.22 ± 0.16a	2.13 ± 0.36a	11.34 ± 1.89a
	SAY3-7	82.7 ± 18.9ab	0.31 ± 0.01a	2.37 ± 0.23a	12.91 ± 0.75a
	SAY3-7 + P4	97.3 ± 9.2a	0.29 ± 0.15a	2.54 ± 0.16a	13.09 ± 0.79a
R3.5	Control	337.7 ± 17.9b	1.32 ± 0.17a	6.20 ± 1.01b	44.39 ± 5.47c
	P4	480.7 ± 49.8ab	1.50 ± 0.60a	7. 21 ± 0.81ab	52.18 ± 4.95bc
	SAY3-7	498.0 ± 60.6a	2.16 ± 0.34a	9.96 ± 0.92a	76.51 ± 8.61ab
	SAY3-7 + P4	536.0 ± 49.2a	2.21 ± 0.63a	10.60 ± 0.91a	80.04 ± 9.73a
R5.5	Control	430.3 ± 56.2b	2.21 ± 0.69b	7.80 ± 0.47b	101.20 ± 8.90b
	P4	512.7 ± 35.0ab	2.68 ± 0.23b	8.72 ± 1.70ab	97.12 ± 19.46b
	SAY3-7	585.7 ± 34.7a	2.87 ± 0.34b	10.38 ± 0.23ab	117.52 ± 4.25ab
	SAY3-7 + P4	638.7 ± 15.2a	4.63 ± 0.18a	11.30 ± 1.33a	139.26 ± 9.12a
R8	Control	–	–	–	123.74 ± 5.56b
	P4	–	–	–	139.38 ± 11.93ab
	SAY3-7	–	–	–	157.39 ± 10.00ab
	SAY3-7 + P4	–	–	–	172.40 ± 6.79a

Mean values ± standard deviation (SD) in each column at each growth stage followed by the same letters are not significantly different at P < 0.05 (Tukey’s test). NN: nodule number; NDW: nodule dry weight; RDW: root dry weight; SDW: shoot dry weight.

Figure 1. Effect of co-inoculation of B. japonicum SAY3-7 and S. griseoflavus on (A) acetylene reduction activity (ARA), (B) Relative Ureide Index (%), (C) N derived from N fixation (%Ndfa) of Yezin-6 soybean cultivar at different growth stages. The histograms with the same letter at each growth stage are not significantly different at P < 0.05 (Tukey’s test).

Table 3. Effect of co-inoculation of B. japonicum SAY3-7 and S. griseoflavus on P, K, Ca, and Mg uptakes of Yezin-6 soybean cultivar at different growth stages.

Growth stage	Treatment	P uptake (g hill^−1)	K uptake (g hill^−1)	Ca uptake (g hill^−1)	Mg uptake (g hill^−1)
V6	Control	0.02 ± 0.003a	0.08 ± 0.036a	0.04 ± 0.012a	0.02 ± 0.005a
	P4	0.02 ± 0.002a	0.09 ± 0.010a	0.05 ± 0.005a	0.02 ± 0.001a
	SAY3-7	0.01 ± 0.001a	0.07 ± 0.016a	0.04 ± 0.004a	0.01 ± 0.001a
	SAY3-7 + P4	0.02 ± 0.004a	0.09 ± 0.020a	0.05 ± 0.006a	0.02 ± 0.003a
R2	Control	0.03 ± 0.003a	0.16 ± 0.013a	0.10 ± 0.009a	0.03 ± 0.003a
	P4	0.04 ± 0.011a	0.24 ± 0.054a	0.11 ± 0.024a	0.04 ± 0.008a
	SAY3-7	0.05 ± 0.009a	0.27 ± 0.035a	0.13 ± 0.003a	0.04 ± 0.001a
	SAY3-7 + P4	0.05 ± 0.002a	0.26 ± 0.020a	0.13 ± 0.011a	0.04 ± 0.004a
R3.5	Control	0.14 ± 0.020c	0.82 ± 0.109b	0.39 ± 0.041b	0.14 ± 0.018b
	P4	0.18 ± 0.008bc	0.91 ± 0.074b	0.48 ± 0.012b	0.16 ± 0.018b
	SAY3-7	0.27 ± 0.025ab	1.43 ± 0.064a	0.69 ± 0.046a	0.25 ± 0.023a
	SAY3-7 + P4	0.30 ± 0.048a	1.60 ± 0.182a	0.76 ± 0.020a	0.31 ± 0.003a
R5.5	Control	0.39 ± 0.031b	1.35 ± 0.090b	0.74 ± 0.081b	0.24 ± 0.023b
	P4	0.38 ± 0.067b	1.26 ± 0.239b	0.73 ± 0.154b	0.23 ± 0.050b
	SAY3-7	0.45 ± 0.019ab	1.57 ± 0.051ab	0.88 ± 0.035ab	0.28 ± 0.024ab
	SAY3-7 + P4	0.54 ± 0.031a	1.98 ± 0.115a	1.07 ± 0.096a	0.36 ± 0.038a
R8	Control	0.55 ± 0.026b	0.92 ± 0.083b	0.42 ± 0.023a	0.27 ± 0.005a
	P4	0.63 ± 0.043ab	1.03 ± 0.044ab	0.48 ± 0.068a	0.30 ± 0.034a
	SAY3-7	0.74 ± 0.044a	1.27 ± 0.134a	0.56 ± 0.046a	0.34 ± 0.032a
	SAY3-7 + P4	0.73 ± 0.021a	1.09 ± 0.057ab	0.53 ± 0.032a	0.34 ± 0.018a

Mean values ± standard deviation (SD) in each column at each growth stage followed by the same letters are not significantly different at P < 0.05 (Tukey’s test).

Figure 2. Effect of co-inoculation of B. japonicum SAY3-7 and S. griseoflavus on nitrogen uptake of Yezin-6 soybean cultivar at different growth stages. The histograms with the same letter at each growth stage are not significantly different at P < 0.05 (Tukey’s test).

Table 4. Effect of co-inoculation of B. japonicum SAY3-7 and S. griseoflavus on yield and yield components of Yezin-6 soybean cultivar at maturity stage.

Treatment	Pods (No. hill^−1)	Seeds per pod (No. pod^−1)	100 seed weight (g)	Yield (t ha^−1)
Control	225.6 ± 5.4a	1.5 ± 0.1a	16.41 ± 0.39a	2.28 ± 0.21b
P4	256.3 ± 35.8a	1.5 ± 0.1a	16.79 ± 2.25a	2.69 ± 0.07ab
SAY3-7	273.5 ± 10.6a	1.5 ± 0.1a	17.85 ± 1.64a	2.96 ± 0.36ab
SAY3-7 + P4	277.7 ± 58.7a	1.6 ± 0.4a	18.33 ± 0.70a	3.11 ± 0.07a

Mean values ± standard deviation (SD) in each column followed by the same letters are not significantly different at P < 0.05 (Tukey’s test).