The characteristics of phosphorus in animal manure composts

Figures & data

Table 1. The chemical P composition in AMC by sequential extraction (Ito et al. 2010)

	AMC	n	Total P	Ratios of P in each fractions to total P (%)
			mg P g^−1	H2O	NaHCO3	NaOH	HCl	Residual
CMC	DMC	42	9.4	34	31	10	13	12
			(3.4)^†	(15)	(11)	(10)	(8.6)	(6.8)
	BMC	31	9.4	49	23	5.1	11	12
			(4.2)	(11)	(10)	(2.2)	(13)	(8.2)
SMC	SMC	61	26	33	16	5.1	39	6.9
			(12)	(9.9)	(7.6)	(6.2)	(47)	(4.8)
PMC	LMC	32	27	21	9.4	1.6	47	21
			(6.4)	(5.3)	(2.8)	(0.89)	(12)	(13)
	BLC	16	20	26	5.3	1.7	34	33
			(5.4)	(9.9)	(4.1)	(0.70)	(11)	(17)

H₂O–water; NaHCO₃–sodium bicarbonate; NaOH – sodium hydroxide; HCl–hydrochloric acid; AMC–animal manure compost; DMC–dairy (cattle) manure compost; BMC–beef (cattle) manure compost; SMC–swine manure compost; LMC–layer manure compost; BLC–broiler litter compost.

†Values in parentheses are standard deviations.

Table 2. The chemical P composition in AMC by the official fertilizer analysis method

AMC	n	Ratios of P in each fractions to total P (%)
		H2O	Citric acid^†	Residual
CMC	16	15	87	13
SMC	19	6	87	13
PMC	12	4	73	27

H₂O–water; AMC–animal manure compost; CMC–cattle (dairy and beef) manure compost; SMC–swine manure compost; PMC–poultry (layer and broiler) manure compost.

†Citric acid-extractable P includes H₂O-extractable P.

‡The values were calculated from the data shown by (Oyanagi et al. 2005).

Figure 1. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of struvite (A and B) collected from a swine manure compost (SMC) and struvite crystal removed from animal wastewater (C) (Komiyama et al. 2013)

Figure 2. The profile of a poultry manure compost (PMC) and the two-dimensional distribution images of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) by electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). A: P compound bound with Ca; B: P compound bound with Mg

Table 3. The chemical properties relating to the formation of P compounds

	P	Ca	Mg	NH4-N	Ca/P	Mg/P
	mmol g^−1
DMC	0.25	0.78	0.37	0.07	3.1	1.5
BMC	0.37	0.53	0.32	0.44	1.5	0.9
SMC	0.79	1.48	0.60	0.80	1.9	0.8
BLC	0.59	1.59	0.47	0.72	2.7	0.8
LMC	0.87	4.58	0.55	0.59	5.2	0.6

P–phosphorus; Ca–calcium; Mg–magnesium; NH₄-N–ammonium nitrogen; DMC–dairy (cattle) manure compost; BMC–beef (cattle) manure compost; SMC–swine manure compost; LMC–layer manure compost; BLC–broiler litter compost.

†Values are calculated using the data from LEIO (2007).

Figure 3. The conceptual diagram of the relationship between P solubility and P compounds. CMC–cattle manure compost; SMC–swine manure compost; PMC-poultry manure compost. †NaOH-extractable P, which is considered to be Al or Fe bound P, was excluded in this diagram

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