Correcting the classification of plinthic Ultisols on aged alluvial terraces in Taiwan

Figures & data

Figure 1. Relationships among the elevation, soil hydrological parameters and Soil Taxonomy of study area.

Figure 2. Location of study area (a) and sampling sites of reference pedons and additional pedons (b).

Table 1. Morphological characteristics of reference and additional pedons in the study area.

Pedon ^a	Horizon	Depth cm	Matrix color	Plinthite color ^b	Depletion color	Texture	AAST of plinthic horizon ^c %	AART of plinthic horizon ^d %
Transect Zone A
A2	Ap	0–25	10 YR 4/2	-	-	SiL	-	-
10.2 m	Ap2	25–40	10 YR 5/3	-	-	SiC	-	-
	Btv1	40–75	10 YR 5/4	Cd 2.5 YR 5/8 (5%)	-	C	-	-
	Btv2	75–95	7.5 YR 6/8	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (15%)	d 7.5 YR 7/1 (20%)	C	-	-
	Btv3	95–120	7.5 YR 7/8	Cd 2.5 YR 5/8 (10%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (10%)	C	-	-
	Btv4	120–145	7.5 YR 6/8	Mp 2.5 YR 6/8 (5%)	d 7.5 YR 7/1 (5%)	SC	-	-
	BC	145–180	7.5 YR 6/8	Md 2.5 YR 6/8 (5%)	d 7.5 YR 7/1 (5%)	SC	-	-
R12	Ap	0–15	10 YR 5/3	-	-	SiL	55	90
19.2 m	AB	15–30	2.5Y 5/3	-	-	SiL	55	90
	Bt1	30–40	10 YR 5/6	-	-	SiC	60	100
	Btv1	40–80	2.5 YR 6/4	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (15%)	-	CL	65	100
	Btv2	80–100	2.5 YR 5/8	p 2.5 YR 5/8 (55%)	Mp 2.5 YR 7/2 (30%)	C	60	100
	Btv3	100–130	5 YR 5/8	p 5 YR 5/8 (50%)	Mp 2.5 YR 7/2 (30%)	C	65	100
	Btv4	130–160	2.5 YR 5/8	p 2.5 YR 5/8 (40%)	Mp 2.5 YR 7/1 (40%)	C	70	100
R6	Ap	0–34	2.5Y 4/2	-	-	CL	55	90
19.3 m	AB	34–47	2.5Y 4/1	-	-	SiCL	60	90
	Bt1	47–66	2.5Y 4/3	-	-	SiCL	60	100
	Btv1	66–82	2.5Y 5/3	Cp 7.5 YR 5/8 (10%)	Cd 10 YR 6/1 (10%)	SiC	65	100
	Btv2	82–102	10 YR 6/1	Mp 2.5 YR 5/8 (25%)	m 10 YR 6/1 (60%)	SiC	70	100
	Btv3	102–122	7.5 YR 6/1	p 2.5 YR 5/8 (25%)	m 7.5 YR 6/1 (50%)	SiC	70	100
	Btv4	122–150	7.5 YR 6/1	d 2.5 YR 5/8 (30%)	m 7.5 YR 6/1 (40%)	C	80	100
	Btv5	>150	7.5 YR 5/6	m 7.5 YR 5/6 (70%)	d 7.5 YR 6/1 (20%)	SiC	85	100
A3	Ap	0–20	10 YR 4/2	-	-	SL	-	-
20.7 m	Btv1	20–40	10 YR 6/6	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (50%)	-	SC	-	-
	Btv2	40–80	10 YR 6/4	Cp 2.5 YR 4/6 (75%)	-	SC	-	-
	Btv3	80–115	10 YR 7/4	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (75%)	p 10 YR 7/2 (5%)	SC	-	-
	Btv4	115–140	10 YR 7/6	Cp 2.5 YR 5/8 (90%)	p 10 YR 7/2 (5%)	SC	-	-
	Btv5	140–180	10 YR 7/8	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (75%)	-	SC	-	-
A4	Ap	0–30	7.5 YR 5/1	-	-	SiCL	-	-
22.7 m	Bt	30–60	7.5 YR 5/6	-	-	SiC	-	-
	Btv1	60–110	7.5 YR 6/8	Fp 2.5 YR 5/8 (< 2%)	d 7.5 YR 7/1 (5%)	SiC	-	-
	Btv2	110–150	7.5 YR 6/8	Mp 2.5 YR 5/8 (5%)	-	SiC	-	-
	Btv3	150–180	7.5 YR 6/8	Mp 2.5 YR 5/8 (5%)	d 7.5 YR 7/1 (5%)	SiC	-	-
R5	Ap	0–15	2.5 YR 4/3	-	-	SiL	40	10
23.9 m	AB	15–26	2.5Y 4/1	-	-	SiL	40	10
	Bt1	26–45	10 YR 5/4	-	-	SiC	45	30
	Bt2	45–75	10 YR 5/6	-	-	SiC	45	30
	Btv1	75–107	10 YR 5/2	p 2.5 YR 4/4 (25%)	-	CL	50	25
	Btv2	107–133	2.5 YR 4/8	m 2.5 YR 4/8 (60%)	Cp 10 YR 6/2 (10%)	C	50	30
	Btv3	133–160	2.5 YR 4/8	m 2.5 YR 4/8 (50%)	Cp 10 YR 6/2 (10%)	C	55	10
	Btv4	160–180	2.5 YR 4/8	m 2.5 YR 4/8 (70%)	p 10 YR 7/1 (20%)	C	65	10
A8	Ap	0–20	7.5 YR 5/2	-	-	SiL	-	-
31.7 m	Ap2	20–40	7.5 YR 5/8	-	-	SiL	-	-
	Bt1	40–55	7.5 YR 5/6	-	-	SiL	-	-
	Btv1	55–75	7.5 YR 7/3	Cp 2.5 YR 5/8 (15%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (2%)	CL	-	-
	Btv2	75–100	7.5 YR 7/6	Cp 2.5 YR 5/8 (40%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (2%)	CL	-	-
	Btv3	100–130	7.5 YR 6/8	Cp 2.5 YR 5/8 (55%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (2%)	CL	-	-
	C	>130	-	-	-	Cobbles	-	-
A5	Ap	0–20	7.5 YR 5/4	-	-	SiL	-	-
33.1 m	Ap2	20–35	7.5 YR 6/6	-	-	SiL	-	-
	Btv1	35–60	7.5 YR 7/4	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (< 2%)	d 7.5 YR 7/1 (< 2%)	SiCL	-	-
	Btv2	60–110	7.5 YR 6/8	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (35%)	d 7.5 YR 8/2 (5%)	SiCL	-	-
	Btv3	110–150	7.5 YR 6/8	C&VCp 2.5 YR 4/8 (25%)	d 7.5 YR 8/2 (< 2%)	SiCL	-	-
	Btv4	150–180	7.5 YR 6/8	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (25%)	d 7.5 YR 8/2 (< 2%)	SiCL	-	-
R4	Ap	0–20	2.5Y 4/2	-	-	SiCL	75	70
38.4 m	Bw	20–41	10 YR 5/2	-	-	SiC	75	70
	2A	41–56	10 YR 4/2	-	-	SiCL	60	70
	2Bt	56–85	10 YR 4/4	-	-	SiC	55	10
	2Btv1	85–100	10 YR 5/3	p 2.5 YR5/8 (15%)	-	SiC	45	15
	2Btv2	100–140	10 YR 6/2	p 2.5 YR5/6 (20%)	m 10 YR 6/2 (50%)	SiC	35	5
	2Btv3	140–180	10 YR 6/1	p 2.5 YR5/8 (25%)	m 10 YR 6/1 (60%)	SiC	35	5
	2Btv4	>180	10 YR 6/1	p 2.5 YR5/8 (30%)	m 10 YR 6/1 (40%)	SiC	35	5
A6	Ap1	0–20	7.5 YR 5/1	-	-	CL	-	-
40.4 m	Ap2	20–40	7.5 YR 4/1	-	-	CL	-	-
	Bt	40–65	7.5 YR 6/6	Cd 2.5 YR 4/8 (< 2%)	-	CL	-	-
	Btv1	65–105	7.5 YR 6/4	Cp 2.5 YR 4/6 (35%)	d 7.5 YR 7/2 (2%)	CL	-	-
	Btv2	105–150	7.5 YR 6/4	C&VCp 2.5 YR 4/6 (40%)	d 7.5 YR 7/2 (2%)	CL	-	-
	Btv3	140–180	7.5 YR 6/8	C&VCp 2.5 YR 4/8 (40%)	d 7.5 YR 8/2 (2%)	SiCL	-	-
A10	Ap1	0–20	10 YR 6/2	-	-	SiC	-	-
42.6 m	Ap2	20–30	10 YR 5/2	-	-	SiC	-	-
	Bt1	30–50	7.5 YR 5/2	-	-	C	-	-
	Bt2	50–85	7.5 YR 5/3	-	-	C	-	-
	Btv1	85–110	7.5 YR 7/6	Mp 2.5 YR 5/6 (25%)	d 7.5 YR 7/1 (2%)	C	-	-
	Btv2	110–150	7.5 YR 6/6	Cp 2.5 YR 5/8 (15%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (2%)	C	-	-
	Btv3	140–180	7.5 YR 6/8	Fp 2.5 YR 5/8 (10%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (2%)	C	-	-
Pedon ^a	Horizon	Depth	Matrix color	Plinthite color ^b	Depletion color	Texture	AAST of plinthic horizon ^c	AART of plinthic horizon ^d
		cm					%	%
A11	Ap1	0–15	7.5 YR 5/2			SiL	-	-
46.4 m	Ap2	15–30	7.5 YR 6/6			SiCL	-	-
	Btv1	30–40	7.5 YR 7/8	Cp 2.5 YR 5/8 (10%)	d 7.5 YR 7/1 (< 2%)	C	-	-
	Btv2	40–85	7.5 YR 7/6	Mp 2.5 YR 4/8 (50%)	d 7.5 YR 7/1 (< 2%)	C	-	-
	Btg1	85–120	7.5 YR 7/8	-	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (55%)	C	-	-
	Btg2	120–140	7.5 YR 6/8	-	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (55%)	C	-	-
	BC1 g	140–170	7.5 YR 5/8	-	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (55%)	C	-	-
	BC2	170–180	7.5 YR 6/8	-	p 7.5 YR 8/1 (55%)	C	-	-
A7	Ap	0–15	7.5 YR 5/1	-	-	CL	-	-
47.4 m	Ap2	15–55	7.5 YR 6/8	-	-	CL	-	-
	Btv1	55–90	7.5 YR 6/6	Cp 2.5 YR 5/8 (< 2%)	-	C	-	-
	Btv2	90–110	7.5 YR 6/8	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (30%)	f 7.5 YR 7/2 (2%)	C	-	-
	Btv3	110–150	7.5 YR 6/8	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (30%)	f 7.5 YR 7/2 (2%)	C	-	-
	Btv4	150–180	7.5 YR 6/8	Mp 2.5 YR 4/8 (20%)	f 7.5 YR 7/2 (2%)	C	-	-
Transect Zone B
R10	Ap	0–25	10 YR 6/2	-	-	SiCL	50	95
22.1 m	Bt1	25–45	2.5Y 4/4	-	-	SiC	60	90
	Bt2	45–70	2.5Y 6/2	-	m 2.5Y 6/2 (60%)	SiC	65	100
	Btv1	70–110	2.5 YR 5/8	p 2.5 YR 5/8 (40%)	m 10 YR 6/1 (60%)	SiC	70	100
	Btv2	110–140	2.5 YR 5/8	p 2.5 YR 5/8 (40%)	m 5PB 6/1 (60%)	SiC	80	100
A12	Ap	0–20	10 YR 5/1	-	-	SL	-	-
23.0 m	Btvg1	20–45	7.5 YR 6/8	C&VCd 2.5 YR 5/8 (2%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (50%)	SCL	-	-
	Btvg2	45–75	7.5 YR 6/8	C&VCd 2.5 YR 5/8 (2%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (40%)	SCL	-	-
	Btv	75–110	7.5 YR 5/8	C&VCd 2.5 YR 5/8 (2%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (10%)	SC	-	-
	Bg1	110–125	Gley2 7/10B	-	-	SC	-	-
	Bg2	125–160	Gley2 6/10B	-	-	SC	-	-
	BCg	160–180	Gley2 4/5PB	-	-	SL	-	-
R11	Ap	0–35	7.5 YR 4/6	-	-	SiL	55	95
26.0 m	AB	35–65	10 YR 5/4	-	-	SiL	60	100
	Btv1	65–90	5 G 5/1	Mp 10 YR 7/8 (30%)	m 5 G 5/1 (70%)	SiCL	65	100
	Bvt2	90–105	5PB 6/1	Mp 10 YR 7/8 (10%)	m 5PB 6/1 (90%)	SiCL	70	100
	Bt	105–120	5PB 6/1	-	m 5PB 6/1 (95%)	SiC	80	100
R3	Ap	0–30	2.5Y 3/0	-	-	CL	-	-
26.1 m	BA	30–55	10 YR 5/6	-	d 10 YR 6/1 (10%)	SiCL	44	60
	Btv1	55–70	2.5 YR 5/8	p 2.5 YR 5/8 (80%)	d 10 YR 6/1 (20%)	SiCL	44	60
	Btv2	70–100	2.5 YR 4/8	p 2.5 YR 4/8 (100%)	-	SiCL	24	17
	Btv3	>100	-	-	-	SiCL	24	17
R14	Ap	0–18	10 YR 4/3	-	-	C	51	80
26.3 m	AB	18–36	2.5Y 3/2	-	-	CL	51	80
	Btv1	36–70	2.5Y 7/1	5 YR 4/8 (20%)	m 2.5Y 7/1 (80%)	C	40	45
	Btv2	70–110	2.5Y 7/1	2.5 YR 4/8 (35%)	m 2.5Y 7/1 (65%)	C	29	50
	Btv3	110–145	2.5Y 7/1	10 YR 5/8 (50%)	m 2.5Y 7/1 (50%)	C	29	50
	Btv4	145–170	2.5Y 7/1	10 YR 6/8 (50%)	m 2.5Y 7/1 (50%)	C	29	50
	Btv5	170–200	2.5Y 7/2	7.5 YR 6/8 (45%)	m 2.5Y 7/2 (55%)	C	52	60
R13	Ap	0–20	5Y 4/2	-	-	CL	78	70
26.9 m	Btv1	20–50	2.5Y 6/1	10 YR 5/4 (10%)	m 2.5Y 6/1 (60%)	CL	78	70
	Btv2	50–75	5Y 7/1	5 YR 5/8 (15%)	m 5Y 7/1 (55%)	CL	21	55
	Btv3	75–104	5Y 8/1	5 YR 5/8 (15%)	m 5Y 8/1 (65%)	C	29	50
	Btv4	104–124	2.5Y 7/1	2.5Y 6/6 (25%)	m 2.5Y 7/1 (75%)	C	29	50
	Btv5	124–160	5Y 7/1	2.5 YR 4/8 (10%)	m 5Y 7/1 (90%)	C	38	75
A1	Ap	0–20	10 YR 5/3	-	-	L	-	-
28.9 m	Ap2	20–40	10 YR 5/3	-	-	SiL	-	-
	Bt	40–65	10 YR 5/6	-	-	SiCL	-	-
	Btv1	65–105	7.5 YR 5/8	Mp 2.5 YR 4/8 (35%)	p 7.5 YR 8/1 (5%)	C	-	-
	Btv2	105–135	7.5 YR 5/8	Mp 2.5 YR 5/8 (35%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (5%)	C	-	-
	Btv3	135–150	7.5 YR 5/8	Mp 2.5 YR 4/8 (30%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (5%)	C	-	-
	Btv4	150–180	7.5 YR 6/8	Mp 2.5 YR 5/8 (30%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (5%)	C	-	-
R9	Ap	0–10	10 YR 4/1	-	-	SiCL	40	10
29.4 m	AB	10–40	7.5 YR 3/2	-	-	SiCL	40	30
	Bt1	40–60	7.5 YR 5/6	Cp 5 YR 4/6 (5%)	Cp 2.5Y 5/1 (5%)	SiC	45	30
	Bt2	60–100	7.5 YR 4/6	-	Cp 2.5Y 6/1 (20%)	SiC	50	25
	Bt3	100–135	5 YR 4/6	-	Cp 2.5Y 6/1 (20%)	SiC	50	30
R2	Ap	0–25	2.5Y 5/4	-	-	SiCL	-	-
31.5 m	Bw	25–43	2.5Y 5/4	-	-	CL	25	35
	2A	43–60	5Y 4/1	-	-	SiC	25	35
	2Btv1	60–85	10 YR 5/8	-	-	C	25	35
	2Btv2	85–110	2.5 YR 3/6	p 2.5 YR 3/6 (90%)	-	C	50	20
	2Btv3	>110	2.5 YR 4/6	-	f 10 YR 7/1 (< 2%)	C	50	20
A13	Ap	0–15	7.5 YR 5/2	-	-	SC	-	-
31.5 m	Ap2	15–30	7.5 YR 5/6	-	-	SC	-	-
	Btv1	30–55	7.5 YR 5/8	Md 2.5 YR 5/8 (< 2%)	-	SiC	-	-
	Btv2	55–100	7.5 YR 6/6	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (90%)	-	SiC	-	-
	Btv3	100–140	7.5 YR 6/6	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (90%)	-	SiC	-	-
	Btv4	140–170	7.5 YR 6/6	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (95%)	-	SiC	-	-
	Btv5	170–180	7.5 YR 6/6	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (95%)	-	SiC	-	-
Pedon ^a	Horizon	Depth	Matrix color	Plinthite color ^b	Depletion color	Texture	AAST of plinthic horizon ^c	AART of plinthic horizon ^d
		cm					%	%
R8	Ap	0–20	10 YR 5/8	-	-	SiCL	40	10
34.7 m	AB	20–40	10 YR 5/3	-	-	SiCL	40	30
	Bt1	40–65	10 YR 3/2	-	-	SiCL	35	30
	Bt2	65–85	10 YR 7/6	2.5 YR 4/6 (20%)	Cp 10 YR 6/1 (20%)	SiC	50	25
	Bt3	85–105	2.5 YR 5/8	-	Cp 10 YR 7/1 (30%)	SiC	50	25
	Bt4	>105	10 YR 4/6	-	Mp 10 YR 7/2 (40%)	SiC	55	30
R1	Ap	0–26	2.5Y 4/2	-	-	CL	-	-
38.5 m	AB	26–50	10 YR 5/4	-	-	SiCL	36	36
	Btv1	50–70	2.5 YR 5/6	f 2.5Y 6/4 (< 2%)	-	SiC	36	36
	Btv2	70–90	2.5 YR 4/6	-	-	SiC	0	0
	Btv3	90–120	2.5 YR 4/4	d 2.5Y 6/4 (10%)	f 10 YR 7/1 (< 2%)	SiC	0	0
	Btv4	>120	2.5 YR 4/4	-	-	C	0	0
R7	Ap	0–35	10 YR 5/6	-	-	L	75	70
38.7 m	AB	35–60	2.5 YR 6/6	-	-	L	75	70
	Bt1	60–80	2.5 YR 4/8	-	-	SiL	55	10
	Bt2	80–120	10 YR 7/8	Mp 2.5 YR 4/8 (30%)	-	SiL	40	15
	Bt3	120–150	2.5 YR 3/6	-	Mp 10 YR 7/2 (30%)	SiL	35	5
A9	Ap1	0–20	7.5 YR 5/3	-	-	SC	-	-
40.0 m	Ap2	20–30	7.5 YR 5/4	-	-	SC	-	-
	Btv1	30–50	7.5 YR 5/2	Cp 2.5 YR 5/8 (25%)	-	C	-	-
	Btv2	50–80	7.5 YR 6/8	Md 2.5 YR 5/8 (2%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (25%)	C	-	-
	Btvg	80–120	7.5 YR 7/1	-	m 7.5 YR 7/1 (90%)	C	-	-
	BC1	120–145	7.5 YR 5/8	-	p 7.5 YR 6/1 (25%)	SC	-	-
	BC2	145–160	7.5 YR 5/8	Mp 2.5 YR 4/8 (10%)	p 7.5 YR 6/1 (50%)	SC	-	-
	BC3	160–180	7.5 YR 5/8	Cp 2.5 YR 4/8 (25%)	p 7.5 YR 8/1 (15%)	SL	-	-
A14	Ap	0–20	10 YR 4/1	-	-	SiL	-	-
42.2 m	Ap2	20–55	7.5 YR 5/2	-	-	CL	-	-
	Btg	55–75	7.5 YR 7/1	-	m 7.5 YR 7/1 (100%)	C	-	-
	Btvg	75–100	7.5 YR 7/1	C&VCp 2.5 YR 4/8 (2%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (60%)	SiC	-	-
	Btv1	100–115	7.5 YR 6/8	C&VCp 2.5 YR 4/8 (40%)	p 7.5 YR 7/1 (5%)	SiC	-	-
	Btv2	115–140	7.5 YR 7/8	C&VCp 2.5 YR 4/8 (10%)	p 7.5YR 7/1 (5%)	C	-	-
	Btv3	140–180	7.5YR 7/8	Cp 2.5YR 4/8 (5%)	p 7.5YR 7/1 (5%)	C	-	-

^aThe reference pedons are R1 to R14, the additional pedons are A1 to A14. The italic values after the pedon name are the elevation of the pedon.

^b-: None; F: Fine (<2 mm), M: Medium (2 to <5 mm), C: Coarse (5 to <20 mm), VC: Very coarse (20 to <76 mm); f: faint, d: distinct, p: prominent, m: reduced matrix; values in parentheses refer to the volume of plinthites or depletions.

^cAAST: Average annual saturated time; -: no monitoring data.

^dAART: Average annual reduced time; -: no monitoring data.

Table 2. Classification in Soil Taxonomy and hydrological parameters for all pedons.

Pedon	Elevation m	Distance to coast m	PVP ^a %	AAST of plinthic horizon ^b %	AART of plinthic horizon ^c %	Classification
				Transect Zone A
A2	10.2	1.4	58	-	-	Typic Plinthaquult
R12	19.2	1.9	75	65	100	Typic Plinthaquult
R6	19.3	2.2	56	74	100	Typic Plinthaquult
A3	20.7	2.7	83	-	-	Typic Plinthudult
A4	22.7	2.8	39	-	-	Plinthic Paleaquult
R5	23.9	3.1	58	55	19	Typic Plinthudult
A8	31.7	3.0	58	-	-	Typic Plinthudult
A5	33.1	4.0	67	-	-	Typic Plinthudult
R4	38.4	4.3	53	38	8	Plinthaquic Paleudult
A6	40.4	4.7	64	-	-	Typic Plinthudult
A10	42.6	5.0	53	-	-	Plinthic Paleudult
A11	46.4	5.3	31	-	-	Plinthic Paleaquult
A7	47.4	5.3	50	-	-	Plinthic Paleudult
R10	22.1	1.9	50	75	100	Plinthic Paleaquult
				Transect Zone b
A12	23.0	2.6	44	-	-	Plinthic Paleaquult
R11	26.0	1.7	46	72	100	Typic Plinthaquult
R3	26.1	2.3	63	31	31	Typic Plinthaquult
R14	26.3	2.4	82	36	51	Typic Plinthaquult
R13	26.9	2.1	88	39	60	Typic Plinthaquult
A1	28.9	2.4	64	-	-	Typic Plinthaquult
R9	29.4	2.3	15	48	28	Plinthaquic Paleudult
R2	31.5	2.7	23	42	25	Plinthaquic Paleudult
A13	31.5	3.1	69	-	-	Typic Plinthudult
R8	34.7	2.9	19	48	28	Plinthaquic Paleudult
R1	38.5	3.5	25	0	0	Plinthic Paleudult
R7	38.7	3.3	27	43	10	Plinthic Paleudult
A9	40.0	3.4	31	-	-	Plinthic Paleaquult
A14	42.2	4.3	44	-	-	Plinthic Paleaquult

^aPVP: Plinthite volume proportion

^bAAST: average annual saturated time; -: no monitoring data

^cAART: average annual reduced time; -: no monitoring data

Figure 3. Relationships between elevation and soil hydrological parameters including (a) plinthite volume proportion (PVP, %), (b) average annual saturated time (AAST, %) at plinthic horizon, and (c) average annual reduced time (AART, %) at plinthic horizon for the reference pedons. The solid line is a linear regression line, and the dashed line is the range of the 95% confidence level.

Figure 4. Relationship between elevation and PVP (%) for all pedons. The solid line is a polynomial quadratic regression line, and the dashed line is the range of the 95% confidence level.

Figure 5. The proposed soil mapping of plinthite in the study area.