Mobile 3D body scanning applications: a review of contact-free AI body measuring solutions for apparel

Figures & data

Table 1. 3D body scanning mobile applications.

Sr No.	Application Name	Application Developer	Country of Origin	Price	Application Store	URL	Languages	Proposed Use of App
1	3DsizeME	TechMed 3D	Canada	Free, Purchase equipments	iOS 11 .0 or higher iOS 14 compatible with Structure sensor Mark II iPhone and iPad	https://techmed3d.com/	English, Croatian, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, Swedish	Medical Industry
2	3DLOOK	3D Look	USA and Ukraine	Free	iOS/Android	https://3dlook.me/	English	E-tailoring, Size and Fit Recommendation, Virtual try on and In-store Size Recommendation Omni Chanel Fashion Brands and Retailors
3	Nettelo/Nettelo Pro/Nettelo-E	Nettelo	USA and France	Free	iOS	http://nettelo.com/	English, French, Simplified Chinese	E-Tailoring and Size Recommendation for Ready to Wear
4	Me-Three-Sixty	Size Stream	USA	Free	iOS/Android	https://www.sizestream.com/technology	English	E-Tailoring and Body Tracking, Collaborated with Lectra for Garment Customisation
5	Mirrorsize	Mirrorsize	India	Free	iOS/Android	https://www.mirrorsize.com/#/	English	E-Tailoring and Size Recommendation
6	Verifyt Body	Netvirta	Boston USA and Singapore.	In-App purchase	Android	https://www.netvirta.com/	English	Sports Equipment, Medical Industry, E-Tailoring, Size Recommendation and Footwear
7	3D Avatar Body (IBV)	Universitat Politècnica de València Instituto de Biomecánica	Spain	In-App purchase	Android/Google Play	https://www.ibv.org/en/3d-avatar-body-3/	English, Espanol, Spanish	Virtual Try-on, E-Tailoring, Size Recommendation, Body Tracking and Medical Industry
8	Sizer Me/Sizer M2M/Sizer Pro	Sizer	Israel	Free	Windows, iOS/Android	https://sizer.me/	English	E-Tailoring and Size Recommendation
9	SizeYou/Size You Pro	Size You	Italy	Free	iOS/Android	https://www.sizeyou.it/en	English and Italian	E-Tailoring and Size Recommendation Biomedical Field
10	SizeMeRight	Better Body Image, Inc	Pittsburgh, USA	Free	iOS	https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sizemeright/id1142062983 https://www.betterbodyimage.com/	English	E-Tailoring and Body Tracking (health and Fitness)
11	ASizer: Virtual Fitting Room	ASizer	San Francisco, USA	In-App purchase	iOS/Android	https://www.asizer.com/	English	Virtual Dressing Room, Size Recommendation and E-Tailoring
12	1Measure	The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU)	Shenzhen TOZI Tech Co., Ltd. China	Free	iOS	https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/polyu-intelligent-3d-human-modelling-technology-projecting-body-shape-and-size-accurately-within-10-seconds-679290783.html https://jp.emtailor.com/1measure_tozi/	English, Simple Chinese and Japanese	E-Tailoring and Body Tracking, Collaborated with Lectra for Garment Customisation
13	Fashion Tech	Mondial Atelier Holdings Limited	Hong Kong, China	Free	iOS/Android	https://apps.apple.com/us/app/fashion-tech/id1119634435	English, Simplified Chinese	E-Tailoring
14	RightFit	RightFit Technologies	India/UK	Free	iOS/Android/PC	https://rightfit.ai/our_technology.html	English	Size Recommendation
15	ZOZO App	Fashion retail website zozo town https://zozo.jp/	Japan	Purchase equipment ZOZO Suit 2	iOS/Android	https://corp.zozo.com/measurement-technology/	English/Japanese	E-Tailoring and Size Recommendation, Body Tracking and Medical Industry
16	3D MEASURE UP	ProtoTech India	India	API based delivers measurements from external 3D Body Scanners	All platforms	https://3dmeasureup.com/	English	E-Tailoring and Size Recommendation, Body Tracking and Medical Industry
17	Presize.ai	Presize GmbH	Germany	Free	PC/Mobile interface (for scanning user has to scan QR code find-size.com – perfect fit without trying)	https://www.presize.ai/	English, Deutsch, Nederland, Francais	Size recommendation, Body measurements
18	Meepl	Fision AG	Zurich Switzerland	Free	iOS/Android	http://www.meepl.com, https://www.linkedin.com/company/fision-ag/about/, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6q-dg7_EBA	English, Deutsch, Francais	Made-to-Measure, Size Recommendation, Virtual Dressing Rooms, and Advanced Body Analytics

Table 2. Technologies used to create mobile scanning applications.

Technology
Computer Vision & Deep Learning	Proprietary Statistical Modelling	(AI) Machine Learning & 3D Matching
The photos taken in body fitted dress with smartphone and on any background are analysed with computer vision and deep learning to process the required results. A set of probability maps have been produced by neural networks to determine body landmarks.	Proprietary statistical modelling is accountable for producing human avatar of arbitrary complexities. Statistical modelling and dataset of the raw scans which is consistently growing in scan labs, is used to generate synthetic data.	Artificial Intelligence has been discovered as the Foundation of Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIR) (Krafft et al., 2020). Machine Learning & 3D Matching is used to build personalise 3D Model of scanned consumer, based on detected landmarks permits to obtain human body measurements.

Table 3. Retailers facing solutions provided by 3D body scanning applications.

Sr No.	Application Name	3D Scan, Import and Export Files in Format	Customer Dimensions	PAAS	OEM	API	SDK
1	3DsizeME	IMED, VRML, STL, AOP, PLY, or OBJ.	CSV	No	No	Yes	Yes
2	3D Look	OBJ	CSV	No	No	Yes	No
3	Nettelo	OBJ and STL customer dimensions in CSV	CSV	No	No	Yes	Yes
4	Me-Three-Sixty	OBJ and STL customer dimensions in CSV	CSV	No	No	Yes	Yes
5	Mirrorsize	OBJ and STL customer dimensions in CSV	CSV	No	No	Yes	Yes
6	Verifyt Body	OBJ and STL	CSV	No	No	Yes	Yes
7	3D Avatar Body (IBV)	OBJ and STL	CSV	No	No	Yes	Yes
8	Sizer Me/ Sizer M2M/ Sizer Pro	OBJ and STL	CSV	No	No	Yes	Yes
9	SizeYou / Size You Pro	OBJ and STL	CSV	No	No	Yes	Yes
10	SizeMeRight	No	No	No	No	No	No
11	ASizer: Virtual Fitting Room	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
12	1Measure	OBJ and STL	CSV	No	No	No	Yes
13	Fashion Tech	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
14	Right Fit	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
15	ZoZo app	OBJ and STL	CSV	No	No	Yes	Yes
16	3D Measure Up	OBJ and STL	CSV,PDF,HTML	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
17	Presize.ai	No	CSV/JSON via URL	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
18	Meepl	No	No	No	No	Yes	No

Note:

OEM stands for original equipment manufacturer version. It is designed by the original manufacturer and offered for custom branding.

PaaS is Platform as a service, which is a cloud computing model delivers both hardware and software tools.

This service can be integrated into personal brand apps.

API is the acronym for Application Programming Interface, an intermediary software that permits two applications to interact with each other.

A software development kit (SDK) is a hardware platform, operating system (OS), or programming language.

Which aid software developers to use specific platform to develop personalise application.

Table 4. Features of 3D body scanning mobile applications.

3D Body Scanning Mobile Applications	3D Size Me	3D Look	Nettelo	Me- Three- Sixty	Mirrorsize	Verifyt Body	3D Avatar Body (IBV)	Sizer	Size You/ Size You Pro	Size Me Right	Asizer: Virtual Fitting Room	1Measure	Fashion Tech	Right Fit	ZoZo App	3D Measure Up	Presize.ai	Meepl
Ease of Navigation Easy/Medium/difficult	Difficult	Easy	Difficult	Easy	Easy	Easy	Easy	Easy	Easy	Easy	Easy	Difficult	Easy	Easy	Difficult	Medium	Easy	Easy
Virtual Try - on	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
Size Recommendation (for different brands and countries)	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Virtual 3D Avatar (view from various angles, zoom, rotation, spin)	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y
Body Tracking (compare and analyse body changes)	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	Y	N	N
Sharing 3D models visualisation and size with fashion retailers	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Body measurements for customisation	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y
Option of selecting body fit preference (Tight, Regular, Loose)	N	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N
Body Parts Scanning/Full Body Scanning	Y	FBS only	FBS only	FBS only	FBS only	Y	FBS only	FBS only	FBS only	FBS only	FBS for Virtual try on	FBS only	FBS only	FBS only	Y	Y	FBS only	FBS only
Body Fat monitoring/ Body surface area	Y	N	N	Y	BMI	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Scanning for customising PPE, uniform and workwear	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N

Note: Difficult: require extra gadgets and manual work to complete the process.

Medium: needs external application for scanning and then using application to get required results.

Easy: require only mobile application to capture image to receive results .

Table 5. Demographic information to create a user profile for 3D body scanning.

Sr No.	Application Name	Name	Gender	Height	Weight	Year of Birth/Age	Location
1	3DsizeME	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
2	3DLOOK	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
3	Nettelo/Nettelo Pro/Nettelo-E	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
4	Me-Three-Sixty	No	No	No	Yes	No	No
5	Mirrorsize	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
6	Verifyt Body	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
7	3D Avatar Body (IBV)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
8	Sizer Me/Sizer M2M/Sizer Pro	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
9	SizeYou / Size You Pro	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
10	SizeMeRight	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
11	ASizer: Virtual Fitting Room	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
12	1Measure	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
13	Fashion Tech	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
14	RightFit	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
15	ZOZO App	No	No	No	No	No	No
16	3D MEASURE UP	No	No	No	No	No	No
17	Presize.ai	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
18	Meeple	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No

Table 6. Applications with a front and side view photo capture requirements.

Sr No.	Application Name	Capture Requirements	App Technology	Steps to Process Scan	Measurement Time for Scan	Output = List of Measurements	Output = Features	Reported Accuracy	Modes
1	3D Avatar Body (IBV)	1x Front photo 1x Side Photo	Machine Learning & 3D Matching	3	<60 Sec	Y = 100	*Measurements, *Body Shape *Size Recommendation	+/- 1 cm for Large Girths	Snapshot
2	1Measure	1x Front photo 1x Side Photo	AI, Computer Vision & Deep Learning Proprietary Statistical Modelling (Silhouette Creation After Taking Picture)	3	10 sec	Y = 90	*Measurements, *Body Shape *Size Recommendation	+/- 1.5 cm for Large Girths	Snapshot and Selfie
3	3D Look	1x Front photo 1x Side Photo	Computer Vision & Deep Learning Proprietary Statistical Modelling Machine Learning & 3D Matching	3	<60 Sec	Y = 70+	*Measurements, *Body Shape *Size Recommendation	+/- 1 cm for Large Girths	Snapshot and Selfie
4	Nettelo	1x Front photo 1x Side Photo	Machine Learning & 3D Matching (Silhouette Creation After Taking Picture)	3	<60 Sec	Y = 80	*Measurements, *Body Shape *Size Recommendation	+/- 1 cm for Large Girths	Snapshot and Selfie
5	Me-Three- Sixty	1x Front photo 1x Side Photo	3D Modelling, Machine Learning	3	5 min	Y = 240	*Measurements, *Body Shape	+/- 5 mm precision	Selfie
6	MirrorSize	1x Front photo 1x Side Photo	AI, Computer Vision & Deep Learning Models and Mesh Processing	3	60 sec	Y = 100+	*Measurements, *Body Shape *Size Recommendation	+/- 1 cm for Large Girths	Selfie
7	RightFit	1x Front photo 1x Side Photo	3D Modelling, Machine Learning	3	<120 Sec	Y = 3 Chest, Waist, Hip	*Measurements, *Body Shape *Size Recommendation	+/- 1 cm for Large Girths	Snapshot and Selfie
8	SizeMeRight Virtual Tape Measure	1x Front photo 1x Side Photo	Computer Vision & Deep Learning	3	<120 Sec	Y = 11	*Measurements	+/- 1 cm for Large Girths	Selfie
9	Asizer	1x Front photo 1x Side Photo	Visual Computing, Fabric Simulation and Artificial Intelligence	3	<60 Sec	Y = 7	*Measurements, *Body Shape *Size Recommendation *Virtual Dressing Room * Pose Video of Consumers While Trying on	1/10^th of an Inch	Selfie
10	3D Measure Up	1x Front photo 1x Side Photo	Computer Vision & Deep Learning Proprietary Statistical Modelling Machine Learning & 3D Matching	3	60 sec	Y = 100+	*Measurements, *Body Shape *Size Recommendation	+/- 1 cm for Large Girths	Snapshot and Selfie
11	Meeple	1x Front photo 1x Side Photo	Advanced image processing, Visual computing technology, AI & Computer Vision	3	<120 Sec	Y = 20	*Measurements, *Body Shape *Size Recommendation *Virtual Dressing Room	+/- 1 cm for Large Girths	Selfie

Table 7. Applications with more than one photo capture requirements.

Sr No.	Application Name	Capture Requirements	App Technology	Steps to Process Scan	Measurement Time for Scan	Output = List of Measurements	Output = Features	Accuracy	Modes
12	Verifyt Body	2 x Front photo 2 x Side Photo	Computer Vision & Deep Learning	5	<120 Sec	Y = 200+	*Measurements *Body Shape *Medical Assistance	+/- 0.5 mm for large girths	Selfie
13	Sizer Me/Sizer M2M/Sizer Pro	2 x Front photo and 1 photo with slow circular movement by raising arms in U shape	Computer Vision & Deep Learning	4	<120 Sec	Y = 80	*Measurements *Size Recommendation	+/- 1 cm for large girths	Selfie
14	Presize.ai	1 x Front Photo with slow circular movement (one rotation) by opening arms in A-pose	Computer Vision & Deep Learning	4	60 sec	Y = 20	*Measurements *Size Recommendation	+/- 1 cm for Large Girths	Selfie

Table 8. Applications with front, side and back view photo capture requirement.

Sr No.	Application Name	Capture Requirements	App Technology	Steps to Process Scan	Measurement Time for Scan	Output = List of Measurements	Output = Features	Accuracy	Modes
15	SizeYou	1 x Back photo 1 x Side photo	Proprietary Statistical Modelling, (AI) Machine Learning & 3D Matching	3	<120 Sec	Y = 80	*Measurements *Body Shape *Size Recommendation *Medical Assistance	+/- 1 cm for large girths	Snapshot
16	Fashion Tech	1 x Front photo 1 x Side photo 1 x Back photo	AI, Computer Vision & Deep Learning	4	120 Sec	Y = 7	*Measurements *Body Shape	+/- 1 cm for large girths	Snapshot

Table 9. Applications with 360-degree scanning using additional accessories.

Sr No.	Application Name	Capture Requirements	App Technology	Steps to Process Scan	Measurement Time for Scan	Output = List of Measurements	Output = Features	Accuracy	Modes
17	ZOZO App	1 × 360-degree scan with ZOZO suit containing marker points	20,000*2 Fiducial marker points technology to generate body measurements and Avatar	3	60 sec	Y	*Measurements *Body Shape *Size Recommendation *Medical Assistance	ZoZo suit average error of 3.7 mm, ZoZomat average error 1.4 mm	360-degree scan
18	3DsizeME	1 × 360-degree body scan with Structure sensor Mark II	Computer Vision & Deep Learning	3	>60 Sec	Y = Body parts measurements	*Measurements *Body Shape *Medical Assistance	+/- 1 cm for large girths	360-degree camera scan

Krafft, M., Sajtos, L., & Haenlein, M. (2020). Challenges and opportunities for marketing scholars in times of the fourth industrial revolution. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 51, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2020.06.001

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