The process of complex societies: dynamic models beyond site-size hierarchies

Figures & data

Figure 1. Regular hierarchy (left) and reticulated hierarchy (right; both images from Winder and Winder 2014, 301).

Figure 2. Logic gates. (Critchlow and Eck 2011, 17).

Figure 3. Neural plasticity (adapted from Xu, Löwel, and Schlüter 2020, Figure 1).

Figure 4. Example of the progression of cellular automata, under the rule in which at each time step t, for every cell that has three or more adjacent non-occupied cells, the cell is converted into ‘occupied’ (modified from Leao, Bishop and Evans 2004, 148).

Figure 5. Outcomes of firefly synchronicity. Modified from (Ariaratnam and Strogatz 2001, 4280).

Winder, I.C., and N.P. Winder. 2014. “Reticulate Evolution and the Human Past: An Anthropological Perspective.” Annals of Human Biology 41 (4): 300–311. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2014.922613.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Critchlow, C., and D. Eck. 2011. Foundations of Computation. second ed. Geneva, New York: Hobart and William Smith Colleges. (version 2.3.2).

 Google Scholar

Xu, Weifeng, S. Löwel, and O.M. Schlüter. 2020. “Silent Synapse-Based Mechanisms of Critical Period Plasticity.” Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 14. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2020.00213.

 Google Scholar

Leao, S., I. Bishop, and D. Evans. 2004. Simulating Urban Growth in a Developing Nation’s Region Using a Cellular Automata-Based Model. Journal of Urban Planning and Development 130(3):145–158.

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Ariaratnam, J.T., and Steven H. Strogatz. 2001. “Phase Diagram for the Winfree Model of Coupled Nonlinear Oscillators.” Physical Review Letters 86 (19): 4278–4281. doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.4278.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar