Association between placentome size, measured using transrectal ultrasonography, and gestational age in cattle

Abstract

AIM: The aim of this study was to estimate whether fetal age could be accurately estimated using placentome size.

METHODS: Fifty-eight cows with confirmed conception dates in two herds were used for the study. The length of the long axis and cross-sectional area of placentomes close to the cervix were measured once every 10 days between approximately 60–130 days of gestation and once every 15 days between 130–160 days of gestation. Four to six placentomes were measured using transrectal ultrasonography in each uterine horn. A linear mixed model was used to establish the factors that were significantly associated with log mean placentome length and to create an equation to predict gestational age from mean placentome length. Limits of agreement analysis was then used to evaluate whether the predictions were sufficiently accurate for mean placentome length to be used, in practice, as a method of determining gestational age.

RESULTS: Only age of gestation (p<0.001) and uterine horn (p=0.048) were found to have a significant effect on log mean placentome length. From the three models used to predict gestational age the one that used log mean placentome length of all placentomes, adjusting for the effect of horn, had the smallest 95% limits of agreement; ±33 days. That is, predicted gestational age had a 95% chance of being between 33 days greater and 33.7 days less than actual age. This is approximately twice that reported in studies using measurement of fetal size.

CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of placentomes near to the cervix using transrectal ultrasonography was easily achieved. There was a significant association between placentome size and gestational age, but between-cow variation in placentome size and growth resulted in poor agreement between placentome size and gestational age.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although placentomes can be easily visualised during diagnosis of pregnancy using transrectal ultrasonography, mean placentome size should not be used to estimate gestational age.

KEY WORDS:

• Placentome size
• ultrasonography
• gestational age
• prediction

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Corrigendum

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the staff of both farms for their assistance with this study. This research was supported by the award of the Colin Holmes Scholarship to F.D. Adeyinka.