Notes
1 Heberden Coin Room, Ashmolean Museum, Beaumont Street, Oxford, OX1 2PH. [email protected]
2 Full details of all finds recorded by PAS can be found at: <finds.org.uk/database> [accessed 18 May 2021].
3 Finds reported via the Treasure Act 1996 are now included on the Portable Antiquities Scheme Database (PASD). PAS and Treasure Annual Reports are free to download at <finds.org.uk/publications>.
4 As of 31 December 2020. Figures are taken from the PAS database and include finds reported under the Treasure Act 1996.
5 See Allen et al forthcoming 2021 for further details. Coin finds include all medieval rulers up to and including Henry VII (1485–1509).
6 See Naylor Citation2020, 354 for last year’s figures. We are also indebted to the many finders who have provided images of their discoveries for remote recording and for their permission to use these in database records.
7 Thanks to all PAS FLOs, volunteers and specialists (both within and outside of the PAS) for their work in identifying and recording the thousands of medieval objects brought to the PAS every year, as well as providing broader context for many of our finds. This round-up would not have been possible without their expertise and input into the individual records that are discussed. These records form the basis for the discussion of the items included. Additional thanks to Ian Richardson for his help and advice regarding last year’s Treasure cases, and to Michael Lewis and Kevin Leahy for their discussion and comments on some of the objects included. Any errors remain the responsibility of individual authors.
9 Bland and Loriot (Citation2010, tab 33 cat 85 and 265) list only a Germanic copy found at Piercebridge (Co Durham) and a mounted silver siliqua from Chatham (Kent).
10 It is only the second recorded from SW England by the PAS; see HAMP-38D124 from Buttermere (Wiltshire).
11 Gold tremisses found along the River Trent include NLM-BE8DC8 and EMC 2020.0394, 2005.0189, 2008.0316. See <emc.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/> [accessed 29 June 2021].
14 The two other finds from Cheshire: LVPL-FBB5A1 and LVPL-6F706D.
18 Eg Scull and Naylor Citation2016, 225–6; Hall Citation2012, 82. Pierced coins pre-dating ad 1180 come under the auspices of the Treasure Act 1996. This coin has been reported as ‘potential Treasure’ and, at the time of writing, is an ongoing case.
23 See GLO-D4B576, found at Wedmore, Somerset.
27 A small number of hoards are known. See Allen Citation2015, 147, fig 2.
29 See Oksanen and Lewis Citation2020 for discussion of medieval markets and PAS data.
34 This coin may be part of a dispersed hoard and has been reported as ‘potential Treasure’. Kelleher Citation2007, 221 reports (coin no 6) the only certain stray find.
37 See IOW-E6AEA9, NLM-7DC6F6, LIN-4F6CE7.
41 Twenty early medieval records on the PAS database are described as ‘ringed pins’.
44 WMID-E74798; SWYOR-AB8A36; BH-1FF373; YORYM-06A08C; BH-545D6D.
59 Thomas Citation2004. Class E, Type 3 is common in the Danelaw and Scandinavia and Class F is considered Hiberno-Norse.
60 Inlaid weights: LANCUM-C07CE5; LVPL1049; LANCUM-4EDD1E. Silver ingot: LANCUM-E88AE2. Sword parts (Petersen Type L): LANCUM-8FC0B6; LANCUM-F7D49D. Strap-ends: LANCUM-6B9143 (Class E); LANCUM-2AD712 (Class F).
65 Other finds: NCL-C53CC3; DENO-083C15; LEIC-982247 (all Leicestershire).
66 Copper-alloy ingots: LANCUM-92F87A (Waddington); LANCUM-9CB512 (Clitheroe); and LANCUM-53BBB4 (West Bradford).
68 LANCUM-682DB1; LANCUM-1D7604.
69 Eg SWYOR-E16C55; BH-C5E266. See Pedersen Citation2007 for weights of oblate-spheroid form from Kaupang (Norway), the heaviest weighing 91.42 g (find no C52517/1746).
71 Reported as potential Treasure under Treasure Act 1996 (case 2019 T38). Research on the hoard is ongoing.
72 Excavated settlements in these upland areas include Gauber High Pasture, Ribblehead (King Citation1978).
73 With thanks to Kevin Leahy and Alex Whitlock for comments on a draft text, and to Amy Downes and Ian Richardson for discussing the Hellifield Hoard, enabling me to mention it here. Any errors or omissions remain my own.
74 See eg Steuer Citation1992, 408, abb 2 for a distribution map.
78 Cherry Citation1984; Weitzmann-Fiedler Citation1981; nothing relevant was noted, for example, from the extensive London excavations of the 1970 and 1980s (Egan 2010, 158).
83 Read 2021, 10–11, no 25.
85 This specific legend break has not been traced.
93 Department of Archaeology, University of York, King’s Manor, York YO1 7EP, UK; [email protected]. I am grateful to Andrzej Janowski and John Cherry for discussing the Benniworth fragment, and to Rod Trevaskus for his help producing Fig 2. I also thank Oxford Archaeology Ltd for allowing reproduction of the object in Fig 9, and Laura Burnett for her helpful comments on the whole note. Any errors remain my own responsibility.
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