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Notes
1 e.g. Gaimster and Majewski 2009; Hall and Silliman 2005; Hicks and Beaudry 2006; Johnson 1996; Orser 2004.
2 The term is often rightly charged with perpetuating ahistoricism. For one of the Venezuelan critiques, see Vargas Arenas 2014.
3 See, for example, Montón Subías & Abejez 2015.
4 See, for example, Zarankin & Salerno 2007.
5 Cruxent 1955.
6 Sanoja & Vargas Arenas 2005.
7 Sanoja 2008; Sanoja et al. 1998; Sanoja & Vargas-Arenas 2002; Vargas A. et al. 1998.
8 Zucchi 1997; 2006; 2010; 2013.
9 Molina 1999; 2005.
10 Navarrete 2014; 2017.
11 Brooks & Rodríguez Y. 2012; Rodríguez Y. & Brooks 2012. Brooks has been one of the few non-nationals to take part in historical archaeological investigations in the country.
12 Scaramelli & Scaramelli 2015; Tarble de Scaramelli 2016; Tarble de Scaramelli & Scaramelli 2005; 2012.
13 Antczak et al. forthcoming.
14 Antczak et al. 2015; Antczak 2015; 2018.
15 Large corporations have been principally involved in funding rescue archaeology operations to mitigate the impacts of their construction of hydroelectric dams and gas pipelines, as well as other large infrastructural projects.
16 Molina 2007; Tarble de Scaramelli 2016.
17 Such historical continuities should, nonetheless, be considered with caution as they cannot be assumed to have existed a priori based on ethnohistorical sources alone (direct historical approach).
18 These journals include Antropológica, Boletín Museo Antropológico de Quíbor, Boletín Antropológico (Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida), Revista Venezolana de Economía y Ciencias Sociales, Tierra Firme and Nuestro Sur, many of which are now freely available online.
19 Altez & Rivas 2002; Amodio et al. 1997; Sanoja et al. 1998; Sanoja & Vargas-Arenas 2002; 2005; Vargas A. et al. 1998; Zucchi 2010; 2013.
20 Antczak forthcoming 1.
21 Rivas 2001; Tarble de Scaramelli & Scaramelli 2011.
22 Scaramelli & Tarble 2000; Tarble de Scaramelli 2012.
23 Antczak forthcoming 2.
24 Antczak et al. 2013; Rivas & Altez 2015; Tarble de Scaramelli 2016.
25 Possibly because medieval and post-medieval histories are a European phenomenon and do not feature in the history syllabus at any education level in Tanzania.
26 Connah 2007.
27 For example, see a conclusion by Chami 2009a, 220.
28 M. Chuhila (pers. comm., 13 May 2018). Dr Chuhila had raised the same observation during seminar presentation by Prof. Y. Lawi on 10 May 2018. However, for a detailed discussion on this subject, see Reid 2011.
29 Schmidt & Mrozowski 2013.
30 Lane 2016.
31 Deetz 1977.
32 Hall 1993.
33 Orser 2013.
34 For a detailed review, see Biginagwa 2013.
35 See, inter alia, Chami 1998; Horton & Middleton 2000.
36 Lane 2016.
37 Biginagwa 2012.
38 See, inter alia, Biginagwa 2018; Biginagwa and Ichumbaki 2018; Mjema 2014; Valence 2018; Wachawaseme 2017.
39 Schmidt 2006. For example in interpreting archaeological sites, to understand potting, iron production techniques and the associated symbolism, see Biginagwa 2013.
40 See, inter alia, Chittick 1974.
41 For memoirs, for example, Chittick 1974.
42 According to Mturi (2005), such collaboration dates far back from the time when the University College, Dar es Salaam was established in 1961. The curator of the Museum was recognized as a member of the Academic Staff of the University College and occasionally gave lectures at the university.
43 For example, Chami 1998.
44 In accordance with the Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004 of the United Republic of Tanzania.
45 See, inter alia, Kaminyoge 2018; Mapunda 1991; Mturi 2005.
46 United Republic of Tanzania (1964/79).
47 These are mostly found on the urban Swahili coast of Tanzania, and are of particular interest because they are more elaborate and of diverse forms than elsewhere on the former dhow-trade circuit. Their legal protection is mainly due to increasing danger by rebuilding programmes and theft. Also see Aldrick 1990.
48 For example, at Caravan Serai Museum at Bagamoyo in Coast Region; Livingstone memorial museum at Ujiji in Kigoma Region; the Maji maji war museum at Songea in Ruvuma Region; Mwalimu J.K. Nyerere museum at Butiama in Mara Region; Kalenga museum in Iringa Region.
49 Ansari 2003; Shawcross 1989; Stark 1934.
50 Niknami 2005.
51 Fazeli et al. 2009.
52 See UNESCO 2018 for an overview.
53 Dezhamkhooy & Papoli Yazdi 2010; 2013; Garazhian & Papoli Yazdi 2008; Papoli Yazdi 2010; Papoli Yazdi, Garazhian & Dezhamkhooy 2011.
54 Papoli Yazdi 2010, 34.
55 Fazeli & Young 2008; Fazeli et al. 2009; Young & Fazeli 2013; Fazeli & Young 2013; Young & Fazeli 2018.
56 Lambton 1953.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Eric Tourigny
Eric Tourigny, Lecturer in Historical Archaeology, School of History, Classics and Archaeology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Sarah Newstead
Sarah Newstead, Executive Director, Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site, Box 521, East Coulee, Alberta T0J 1B0, Canada
Konrad A. Antczak
Konrad A. Antczak, Guest Researcher, Amsterdam School for Heritage, Memory and Material Culture, University of Amsterdam, 1012 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Arqueόlogo Histόrico, Unidad de Estudios Arqueolόgicos, Universidad Simόn Bolívar, Caracas 1080, Venezuela
Konrad A. Antczak https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-5069
Thomas John Biginagwa
Thomas John Biginagwa, Lecturer, Department of Archaeology and Heritage, Mwalimu Nyerere Campus College of Humanities, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35051, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Ruth Young
Ruth Young, Reader in Archaeology, School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK