https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1629-5478
Figures & data
Figure 1. As economic growth proceeds, material and energy use (throughput) increases, expanding into ecosystems, degrading their functionality. Source: Author’s own, adapted from Daly (Citation2015).
Figure 2. The steady-state economy: throughput is held steady, or allowed to fluctuate mildly. While here I define the steady-state economy in terms of limitations on throughput flow, Daly (Citation1993a, Citation2014) usually defined it in terms of limitations on stocks of human artifacts and population, with throughput allowed to vary, but kept to sustainable levels. These are simply different emphases on the limitations needed for the same goal of ecological sustainability (H. Daly, personal communication, May 15, 2019). Note the qualitative material output changes represented by change of color of matter. This provides opportunities for economic development while throughput growth is halted. Source: Author’s own.
Figure 3. A social ecological model of education. Concepts and relations are shown in black. Theoretical framework is shown in blue. Tension is shown in red.
Figure 4. An expanded social ecological model of education, showing a tension between purposes of education, suggesting a means for alleviating the social ecological crisis, and contributing to ecological sustainability.
