Baby corn fermented vinegar and its vapour control postharvest decay in strawberries

Figures & data

Table 1 Diameters of Botrytis cinerea colonies recorded at 30 °C following inoculation on PDA plates acidified with BFV (after 3, 5 and 7 days) and AA (after 7 days) containing acetic acid concentrations ranging between 0% to 0.225%.

	pH in		Colony diameter (mm)
Acetic acid concentration in BFV and AA (%)	BFV	AA	3 days (BFV)	5 days (BFV)	7 days (BFV)	7 days (AA)
0	5.50	5.50	10.73^a ± 0.57	30.61^a ± 0.34	50.80^a ± 0.25	50.80^a ± 0.25
0.025	4.67	4.32	10.57^ab ± 0.57	30.13^b ± 0.11	40.71^b ± 0.58	40.90^b ± 0.26
0.05	4.39	3.96	10.40^bc ± 0.00	30.02^b ± 0.11	30.93^c ± 0.16	31.18^c ± 0.22
0.075	4.23	3.76	10.40^bc ± 0.17	20.71^c ± 0.14	30.48^c ± 0.19	31.90^c ± 0.13
0.1	4.17	3.62	10.20^c ± 0.17	20.27^d ± 0.32	30.21^c ± 0.21	31.80^c ± 0.21
0.125	4.14	3.52	8.30^d ± 0.20	10.42^e ± 0.43	20.59^d ± 0.33	23.12^d ± 0.18
0.15	4.03	3.43	3.00^e ± 0.10	10.00^f ± 0.21	20.00^d ± 0.33	22.67^d ± 0.12
0.175	3.99	3.38	0.60^f ± 0.00	6.10^g ± 0.40	10.58^e ± 0.40	12.32^e ± 0.20
0.2	3.99	3.33	0.00^f ± 0.00	1.00^h ± 0.33	2.40^f ± 0.33	3.10^f ± 0.16
0.225	3.93	3.28	0.00^f ± 0.00	0.00^h ± 0.00	0.00^g ± 0.00	0.51^g ± 0.11

AA, glacial acetic acid; BFV, baby corn vinegar.

Means with different letters within the same column are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) based on Tukey's test.

Figure 1 Effect of SF-BFV spray on the proportion (%) of fruit decay during storage for 15 days at 4 °C. SF-BFV, strawberry-flavoured baby corn fermented vinegar; No SF-BFV spray, unsprayed controls. Bars with asterisks^* are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05).

Table 2 Sensory evaluations of strawberries treated with SF-BFV (controls without treatment) prior to storage at 4 °C for 15 days. Scores are based on a five-point hedonic scale.^*

	Colour		Odour		Taste		Texture		Overall
Storage time (days)	Ctrl	SF-BFV	Ctrl	SF-BFV	Ctrl	SF-BFV	Ctrl	SF-BFV	Ctrl	SF-BFV
0	4.63^a ± 0.1	4.70^a ± 0.1	4.53^a ± 0.1	4.00^cde ± 0.1	4.50^a ± 0.1	3.80^bc ± 0.1	4.43^ab ± 0.1	4.56^a ± 0.1	4.53^a ± 0.1	3.38^de ± 0.1
3	4.43^ab ± 0.1	4.46^ab ± 0.1	4.50^ab ± 0.1	4.50^ab ±0.1	4.20^ab ± 0.1	4.16^abc ± 0.1	4.16^ab ± 0.1	4.20^ab ± 0.1	4.36^ab ± 0.1	4.33^abc ± 0.1
5	4.30^abcd ± 0.1	4.36^abc ± 0.1	4.43^abc ± 0.1	4.43^abc ± 0.1	4.03^abc ± 0.1	4.00^bc ± 0.1	4.03^bc ± 0.1	3.83^cd ± 0.1	4.00^bcd ± 0.2	3.86^cde ± 0.2
7	3.90^cdef ± 0.2	4.00^bcde ± 0.2	4.16^abcd ± 0.1	4.10^abcd ± 0.1	4.03^abc ± 0.2	3.90^bc ± 0.2	3.63^cde ± 0.1	3.60^cde ± 0.1	3.83^de ± 0.1	3.76^de ± 0.1
9	3.73^efgh ± 0.2	3.80^defg ± 0.2	4.10^abcd ± 0.1	4.03^bcde ± 0.1	4.03^abc ± 0.2	4.03^abc ± 0.2	3.63^cde ± 0.1	3.53^cde ± 0.1	3.73^de ± 0.2	3.80^de ± 0.2
11	3.33^ghi ± 0.2	3.46^fghi ± 0.1	4.00^cde ± 0.1	3.96^cde ± 0.1	3.96^bc ± 0.2	3.93^bc ± 0.2	3.50^de ± 0.1	3.50^de ± 0.1	3.70^de ± 0.1	3.63^de ± 0.1
13	3.23^hi ± 0.2	3.26^hi ± 0.2	3.80^de ± 0.1	3.70^de ± 0.1	3.80^bc ± 0.2	3.90^bc ± 0.2	3.40^def ± 0.1	3.16^ef± 0.1	3.46^ef ± 0.1	3.53^def ± 0.1
15	2.96^i ± 0.1	3.10^i ± 0.1	3.70^e ± 0.1	3.56^e ± 0.1	3.70^bc ± 0.2	3.70^c ± 0.2	3.16^ef ± 0.1	2.93^f ± 0.1	3.10^fg ± 0.1	2.93^g ± 0.1

SF-BFV, strawberry-flavoured, baby corn fermented vinegar; Ctrl, control fruit not sprayed with SF-BFV.

* 1, dislike very much; 2, dislike; 3, neutral; 4, like; 5, like very much.

The means of sensory scores for each attribute superscripted with a different letter are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05).

Figure 2 Effect of exposure to BFV vapour for 0 to 20 min on the proportion (%) of strawberry fruits showing decay during storage at 4 °C for 15 days. Means followed by the same letter in each storage time column are not significantly different based on Tukey's test (P > 0.05).

Table 3 Sensory evaluations for strawberries treated with BFV vapour prior to storage at 4 °C for 15 days. Scores are on a five-point hedonic scale.*

	Colour		Odour		Taste		Texture		Overall
Storage time (days)	Ctrl	BFV vapour	Ctrl	BFV vapour	Ctrl	BFV vapour	Ctrl	BV vapour	Ctrl	BFV vapour
0	4.67^a ± 0.1	4.60^a ± 0.1	4.67^a ± 0.1	4.56^ab ± 0.1	4.50^a ± 0.2	4.43^ab ± 0.2	4.66^a ± 0.1	4.56^ab ± 0.1	4.73^a ± 0.2	4.60^ab ± 0.2
3	4.50^ab ± 0.1	4.50^ab ± 0.1	4.50^abc ± 0.1	4.37^abcd ± 0.1	4.50^a ±0.2	4.36^ab ± 0.2	4.60^a ± 0.1	4.40^abc ± 0.1	4.47^ab ± 0.2	4.50^ab ± 0.2
5	4.40^abc ± 0.1	4.37^abc ± 0.1	4.50^abc± 0.1	4.33^abcde ± 0.1	4.47^ab ± 0.2	4.27^abc ± 0.2	4.13^bcd ± 0.1	4.36^abc ± 0.1	4.30^bc ± 0.2	4.40^ab ± 0.2
7	4.03^cde ± 0.1	4.13^bcd ± 0.1	4.27^abcdef ± 0.1	4.33^abcde ± 0.1	4.07^bcd ± 0.2	4.10^abc ± 0.2	3.97^cde ± 0.1	3.90^def ± 0.1	4.20^bc ± 0.2	4.41^ab ± 0.2
9	3.87^de ± 0.1	3.97^cde ± 0.1	4.17^bcdefg ± 0.1	4.13^cdefg ± 0.1	4.07^bcd ± 0.2	3.90^cde ± 0.2	3.67^efg ± 0.1	3.60^efg ± 0.1	3.93^cd ± 0.2	3.96^cd ± 0.2
11	3.70^def ± 0.1	3.63^efg ± 0.1	4.03^defgh ± 0.1	3.93^efgh ± 0.1	3.87^cde ± 0.2	3.90^cde ± 0.2	3.43^gh ± 0.1	3.47^fgh ± 0.1	3.70^def ± 0.1	3.76^de ± 0.1
13	3.23^gh ± 0.1	3.40^fgh ± 0.1	3.77^gh ± 0.1	3.87^fgh ± 0.1	3.67^de ± 0.2	3.67^de ± 0.2	3.23^ghi ± 0.1	3.27^ghi ± 0.1	3.43^efg ± 0.1	3.63^def ± 0.1
15	2.97^h ± 0.1	3.07^h ± 0.1	3.77^gh ± 0.1	3.63^h ± 0.1	3.50^e ± 0.2	3.53^e ± 0.2	2.97^i ± 0.1	3.03^hi ± 0.1	3.20^g ± 0.1	3.33^fg± 0.1

BFV, baby corn fermented vinegar; Ctrl, control fruit not sprayed with BFV vapour.

* 1, dislike very much; 2, dislike; 3, neutral; 4, like; 5, like very much.

The means of sensory scores for each attribute superscripted with a different letter are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05).

Figure 3 Effect of SF-BFV spray and BFV vapour on the proportion of B. cinerea-inoculated strawberry fruit showing decay during storage at 4 °C for 15 days. RT, room temperature (32 ± 2 °C); SF-BFV, strawberry-flavoured, baby corn fermented vinegar; BFV, baby corn fermented vinegar. Means followed by the same letter in each storage time column are not significantly different based on Tukey's test (P > 0.05).

Figure 4 Effects of SF-BFV and BFV vapour on the growth of B. cinerea-inoculated strawberry fruit. Untreated control fruits were stored at room temperature (A) and 4 °C (B). The SF-BFV sprayed fruits (C) and BFV vapour-treated fruits (D) were both stored at 4 °C.