Changes to the composition of scale insect species (Coccomorpha: Eriococcidae) on New Zealand mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium; Myrtaceae) in the last seventy years

Figures & data

Figure 1. Sooty mould and scale insects on Leptospermum scoparium. A, Stand of L. scoparium infested with sooty mould at Lake Wilkie (Southland, South Island). B, Crawlers (first-instar nymphs) emerging from adult female sacs and nymphs settled on a fork of L. scoparium. C, Typical black ‘mantle’ that coats leaves and stems on L. scoparium due to sooty mould and scale insect infestation. D, Plant of L. scoparium infested with sooty mould. E, Dead adult female enclosed in felted cotton sac.

Table 1. Locations sampled between March 2015 and January 2017; includes location number assigned in Figure 2, NZ official place names, number of slide-mounted specimens per location, and latitude and longitude.

Location number	NZ official place names	Number of specimens that were mounted	Latitude	Longitude
1	Palmerston North City	26	40°23.24′S	175°36.66′E
2	Lake Rotorua/Te Rotorua nui ā Kahumatamomoe	5	38°08.15′S	176°15.70′E
3	Rotorua Domain Recreation Reserve	4	38°08.01′S	176°14.68′E
4	Rainbow mountain	3	38°18.93′S	176°23.24′E
5	Whangākea/Pandora	2	34°27.14′S	172°46.68′E
6	Waiheke Island Scenic Reserve	3	36°49.29′S	175°04.82′E
7	Coromandel Forest Park	4	37°02.66′S	175°42.44′E
8	Stony Bay Creek	4	36°30.35′S	175°25.15′E
9	Ruakokoputuna River	7	41°18.51′S	175°28.31′E
10	Motutere/Castle Rock	7	36°47.95′S	175°33.98′E
11	Ruatiti Scenic Reserve	12	39°17.91′S	175°12.30′E
12	Rangitatau Scenic Reserve	14	39°45.89′S	174°52.75′E
13	Tutira Domain Recreation Reserve	14	39°13.34′S	176°55.12′E
14	Ruahine Forest Park	5	39°52.55′S	175°58.58′E
15	Pahaoa Scientific Reserve	5	41°21.48′S	175°45.05′E
16	Pourangahau/Mount Roberts	7	41°47.78′S	172°49.65′E
17	Isolation Creek	5	41°53.91′S	174°01.85′E
18	Lewis Pass Road Scenic Reserve	9	42°31.02′S	172°23.21′E
19	Jollies Pass Scenic Reserve	8	42°28.30′S	172°52.98′E
20	Franz Josef/Waiau	6	43°15.55′S	170°13.55′E
21	Anatoki River	3	40°51.19′S	172°44.13′E
22	Totaranui	2	40°49.36′S	173°00.18′E
23	Horseshoe Point 1	6	46°52.69′S	168°08.89′E
24	Peterson Hill	6	46°54.09′S	168°08.02′E
25	Horseshoe Point 2	9	46°52.71′S	168°08.70′E
26	North Arm Point	4	46°52.58′S	168°01.64′E
27	Mill Creek	5	46°53.46′S	168°06.58′E
28	United Creek	0	41°09.16′S	172°40.34′E

Figure 2. The distribution of Acanthococcus species present on samples of L. scoparium collected between March 2015 and January 2017. Numbers refer to locations outlined in Table1; 1–15: North Island locations, 16–22: South Island locations, 23–27: Stewart Island locations.