Pathogenic fungi isolated in association with grapevine trunk diseases in New Zealand

Figures & data

Table 1. Pathogenic fungi isolated from the 2007–2010 grapevine trunk disease survey.

Region	Vin #	Cultivar	Age (years)	B*	E*	P*	D*	Cy*	Ca*	Ph*	V*
Auckland	1	Chardonnay	>15	3	1	-	1	-	-	-	-
	2	Sauvignon blanc	>15	1	2	4	3	4	-	2	-
Canterbury	3	Pinot blanc	>15	1	3	-	-	1	-	-	-
	4	Pinot noir	>15	1	2	1	-	-	-	-	-
	5	Chardonnay	>15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Gisborne	6	Chardonnay	>15	4	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
	7	Chardonnay	>15	4	-	1	1	-	-	-	-
	8	Chardonnay	>15	3	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
	9	Sauvignon blanc	>15	-	-	4	1	-	-	-	-
	10	Chardonnay	>15	1	1	2	-	-	-	-	-
	11	Chardonnay	>15	3	-	2	1	-	-	-	-
	12	Sauvignon blanc	17	3	5	1	1	1	-	-	-
	13	Chardonnay	>15	4	-	2	1	1	-	-	-
	14	Chardonnay	>14	4	-	3	2	-	-	-	-
	15	Chardonnay	>15	3	3	-	1	2	-	-	-
Hawke’s Bay	16	Cabernet Sauvignon	15	1	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
	17	Chardonnay	>15	4	-	1	2	-	-	-	-
	18	Merlot	>15	2	-	4	-	-	-	-	-
	19	Sauvignon blanc	14	1	2	3	-	-	-	1	-
	20	Cabernet Sauvignon	8	2	2	1	-	-	1 ^I	-	-
	21	Chardonnay	8	3	-	2	1	-	1 ^I	-	-
	22	Sauvignon blanc	18	2	5	3	-	-	-	2	-
	23	Cabernet Franc	19	-	1	2	1	-	-	-	-
	24	Cabernet Sauvignon	>15	2	3	3	-	-	-	-	-
	25	Cabernet Sauvignon	>15	2	5	2	1	-	-	-	-
	26	Chardonnay	>20	-	-	2	-	-	-	1 ^I	-
	27	Cabernet Franc	>22	1	1	4	-	-	-	-	-
	28	Sauvignon blanc	27	4	5	2	1	-	-	2 ^I	-
Marlborough	29	Sauvignon blanc	>15	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
	30	Sauvignon blanc	28	-	1	-	-	2	1	-	-
	31	Sauvignon blanc	5	1	3	-	-	1	1	-	-
	32	Sauvignon blanc	>15	-	4	-	2	-	-	-	-
	33	Chardonnay	>15	1	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
	34	Sauvignon blanc	5	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	2
	35	Merlot	>15	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	36	Cabernet Sauvignon	>15	-	-	2	-	-	3 ^I	-	-
	37	Sauvignon blanc	>15	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-
Nelson	38	Sauvignon blanc	8	1	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
	39	Sauvignon blanc	>15	3	4	1	2	2	-	-	-
	40	Sauvignon blanc	>15	-	1	-	2	-	-	-	-
	41	Gewurztraminer	>15	3	-	3	2	-	1	1 ^I	-

Notes: Region, cultivar and age of grapevines sampled from 41 New Zealand vineyards. Each line = results from five cored vines from a single block. Vin # = vineyard number. *Fungal pathogen taxa identified: B = Botryosphaeria spp., E = Eutypa spp., P = Phaeomoniella chlamydospora; D = Diaporthe, Cy = Cylindrocarpon, Ca = Cadophora, Ph = Phaeoacremonium, V = Verticillium. Numbers in each column of fungi = cores out of five that yielded fungal cultures. ^I = isolates submitted to the International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants (ICMP).

Table 2. Summary of New Zealand grapevine trunk disease (GTD) fungi.

Species	Location	ICMP	Other collections	GenBank accession numbers
				ITS	Other gene
Eutypa lata	Nelson	20026–20030	–	MK547092-96	–
Eutypa lata	Hawke's Bay	11787, 11788	–	–	–
Eutypa lata	Auckland	17653	–	–	–
Eutypa lata	Marlborough	–	MM730, US[21, 24, 28, 33, 34-35, 53], VE32, BX[11- 12, 15- 16, 20-22, 26]	MN209182, MN209202, MN209201	MN245030
Diatrypella sp.	Marlborough	17419	MM505	MH497578	–
Diatrypella sp.	Marlborough	–	VE28	MN206999	MN245028
Eutypella citricola	Marlborough	17420	MM486	MH497577	–
Diatrype sp.	Marlborough	–	US[51, 52, 59]	MN209180	MN245029
Diatrype sp.	Pukekohe	20025, 20031	–	MK547097-98	–
Phaeoacremonium occidentale	Auckland	17037 ^Path	–	EU770226
Phaeoacremonium sp.	Auckland	17036	–		MH553525
Phaeoacremonium paululum	Hawke's Bay	18089, 18090	MM659, MM661	MH497579-80	HM116774, HM116768
Phaeoacremonium armeniacum	Auckland	17421	–	EU770224	EU595463
Phaeoacremonium globosum	Auckland	16987 ^Path, 17038, 17039, 16988	–	EU770228, EU770225, EU770227, EU770229, EU595466	EU596525
Phaeoacremonium fraxinopennsylvanicum	Hawke's Bay	18088	MM643	–	HM116773, HM116767
Phaeoacremonium fraxinopennsylvanicum	Marlborough	–	US110	–	MN245022
Phaeoacremonium viticola	Marlborough	–	US[12, 46, 48, 103-7, 109, 111-117]	MN209190	MN245023
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora	unknown	17117	MM492	HM116754	–
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora	Auckland	14380, 15813, 14891, 16992	–	–	–
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora	Auckland	15900	Ridgway A21 ^Path	–	–
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora	Marlborough	–	US23	MN209188,	–
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora	Marlborough	–	VE[5-9, 5P, 35]	MN206980, MN206981	MN245021
Inonotus-like	Marlborough	–	US[1-4, 87-92]	–	MN197865
Neofusicoccum australe	Canterbury	17597	–	–	–
Neofusicoccum australe	Auckland, Blenheim	21509	A851, B2113, NZA240, NZA511, LUPP1899	KC806063, KC806064	–
Botryosphaeria dothidea	unknown	21505, 21506	LUPP1890, NZB007	KC706907	–
Neofusicoccum luteum	Hastings	18991	–	–	–
Neofusicoccum luteum	Auckland, Gisborne	21508	G16a2, A512, A951, G31d2, A102b1, G51b1, LUPP1870	KJ190297, KJ190294	–
Neofusicoccum parvum	Auckland	15809–15812	–	–	–
Neofusicoccum parvum	Nelson, Gisborne, Blenheim, Auckland	21497	N5211,G862, B316a2, A1111, A931, A564, LUPP1507	KJ190275-78	–
Neofusicoccum ribis	Nelson, Auckland	21500	N1411, A843, A231, LUPP1640	–	–
Neofusicoccum macroclavatus	Motueka	18612	NZM353	KC706914	KC706921-22
Dothiorella iberica	Otago	21511	Ot111, Ot313, Ot141	MN209203	MN245026
Dothiorella sarmentorum	Otago	21499	Ot126	MN209204	MN245027
Diplodia seriata	unknown	–	NZ099	KC706909	–
Diplodia seriata	Nelson	21501, 21503	LUPP1884, LUPP1885, N13a5	–	–
Diplodia seriata	Hawke's Bay	–	US39, US40	MN209181	–
Diplodia seriata	Marlborough	–	VE4, VE24	MN206982	MN245025
Diplodia mutila	Nelson, Gisborne	21507, 21510	LUPP1891, LUPP1872, M211, G173	KC706908	–
Cadophora luteo-olivacea	Marlborough	17483	Weir ES136	EU770234	–
Cadophora luteo-olivacea	unknown	17109	MM527	–	–
Cadophora luteo-olivacea	Hawke's Bay	18085	MM560	–	–
Cadophora luteo-olivacea	Marlborough	18084, 18097–99	MM471, MM777, MM778, MM783	HM116747	–
Cadophora luteo-olivacea	Wairarapa	19953	–	–	–
Cadophora luteo-olivacea	Bay of Plenty	18092, 18096	MM737, MM750	HM116748	–
Cadophora sp.	Gisborne	17484, 17486	Weir ES137, Weir ES159	EU770236	–
Cadophora sp.	Hawke's Bay	18087	MM602	HM116752	–
Diaporthe ampelina	Huapai	18144	–	–	–
Diaporthe ampelina	Marlborough	–	US[6-8, 15-17, 19, 38, 82, 86]	MN209179	–
Diaporthe ampelina	Auckland	5537	–	KC145857	KC145983
Diaporthe ampelina	Nelson	2141	–	KC145850	KC145981
Diaporthe ampelina	Gisborne	6984	–	KC145840	KC145987
Diaporthe ampelina	Hawkes Bay	6985	–	KC145834	KC145988
Diaporthe ampelina	Waikato	8341	–	KC145845	KC145997
Diaporthe foeniculina	Marlborough	–	BX1	MN209195	–
Diaporthe rudis	Marlborough	–	BX2	MN209196	–
Diaporthe sp3	Marlborough	–	BX37	MN209197	–
Diaporthe cotoneastri	Marlborough	–	BX23, BX28	MN209193, MN209194	–
Diaporthe sp12	Marlborough	–	BX5, BX6, BX39	MN209198, MN209199, MN209200	–
Cytospora chrysosperma	Marlborough	–	MM784	MN298780	–
Pestalotiopsis sp.	Auckland	16986	–	EU770242	–
Truncatella angustata	Auckland	17089	–	–	–
Sporocadus rosigena	Marlborough	–	VE21, VE36	MN206987	MN245024

Notes: GTD fungi available from culture collections or with sequences deposited in GenBank. GenBank accessions for sequences generated in this study are in bold. Other gene = EF1α, actin, β-tubulin or LSU gene sequences. Identities were based on comparisons of DNA sequences to GenBank sequences. Other collections = accessions held at Plant & Food Research (MM, US, VE, BX), Landcare Research (Weir), Lincoln University (all others). ‘US’ isolates were collected in 2017. ^Path = has been used in re-inoculation assays.