The determinants of transnational solidarity in the EU

Figures & data

Figure 1. Solidarity index by country: 2023, predicted margins.

Figure 2. Solidarity effect of trust in government by country and crisis period: average marginal effects.

Table 1. Period effects, by model: OLS-effects and t-values^a.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
	b/t	b/t	b/t	b/t	b/t
Covid crisis, ref
Ukraine war	0.020***	0.020***	0.037***	0.037***	0.038***
	(7.607)	(7.836)	(3.559)	(3.541)	(3.670)
Controlling for	–	Territorial	Territorial + trust	Territorial + trust + past vote	Territorial + trust + past vote + interaction territorial-trust

^a Slovakia, Croatia, and Bulgaria are excluded from this analysis because they were only part of the 2022 and 2023 samples.

Figure 3. Country effects by crisis period: predictive margins.

Figure 4. Coalition and country effects by crisis period and type of solidarity: predictive margins.

Figure 5. Attitudinal effects vs country effects, 2023: average marginal effects.

Figure 6. Attitudinal effects by coalition, 2023: average marginal effects.

Figure 7. Attitudinal effects vs country effects, by crisis: AMEs.