Why are care workers from the global south disadvantaged? Inequality and discrimination in Swedish elderly care work

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary of sample characteristics (% or mean).

Origin	Native-born	North West	Eastern Europe	Global South
Number and (percent)	192 (66,4)	8 (2,8)	13 (4,5)	76 (26,3)
Age	46,62	55,63	47,38	43,58
Gender-male (%)	11	25	15	12
Years of Education	12,73	13,87	13,62	12,63
Highest education in Sweden (%)	100	50	31	58
Job experience general (years)	28	36	28	25
Job experience care sector (years)	20	27	14	12
Permanent tenure (%)	91	100	100	91
Workplace social capital (mean)	,175	,230	,145	−,013
Private sector (%)	12	13	15	17
Income/months, adjusted for working hours (SEK)	27,301	27,509	25,450	24,038
Assistant nurses (vårdbiträde + undersköterska) (%)	70,3	37,5	61,5	93,4
Occupational Status	37	43	36	32
Good relationship with superior (mean)	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.1
Superior trustable (mean)	3.4	3.7	3.4	3.0

Table 2. Associations between individuals’ characteristics and their occupational status, OLS unstandardized coefficients (standard coefficients in parentheses), N = 289.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6
Gender (male)	−0.43 (−0.014)	−1.29 (−0.043)	−1.07 (−0.036)	−1.146 (−0.039)	−1.07 (−0.036)	−1.011 (−0.034)
Migrant background
North West	6.24 (0.105)	2.69 (0.046)	4.16 (0.070)	3.906 (0.066)	(0.066)	3.57 (0.060)
Eastern Europe	−0.59 (−0.013)	−3.55 (−0.076)	−0.713 (−0.015)	−0.922 (−0.020)	−0.76 (−0.016)	−0.79 (−0.017)
Global South	−5.06** (−0.229)	−4.78** (−0.217)	−2.83** (−0.128)	−3.05** (−0.138)	−1.21 (−0.055)	−0.925 (−0.042)
Education (years)		3.39** (0.608)	3.32** (0.596)	3.35** (0.601)	3.00** (0.539)	2.97** (0.534)
Work experience, general (years)		−0.026 (−0.030)	−0.078 (−0.089)	−0.065 (−0.074)	−0.041 (−0.047)	−0.051 (−0.058)
Work experience, care sector (years)			0.09 (0.109)	0.085 (0.099)	0.066 (0.076)	0.079 (0.092)
Highest education in Sweden			3.27* (0.123)	3.25* (0.123)	2.92* (0.110)	2.97* (0.112)
Number of children				0.380 (0.025)	0.541 (0.035)	0.512 (0.033)
Private sector				2.152 (0.076)	0.798 (0.028)	0.673 (0.024)
Permanent tenure				1.204 (0.035)	0.726 (0.021)	0.674 (0.020)
WPSC					2.89** (0.297)	2.59** (0.266)
Relationship with manager						1.05** (0.107)
R^2 adjusted	0.055	0.425	0.438	0.440	0.513	0.522

Note: **denotes significance at 1% level and * at 5% level.

Table 3. Associations between individuals’ characteristics and (LN) wages, OLS unstandardized coefficients (standard coefficients in parentheses), N = 289.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6
Gender (male)	−0.006 (−0.011)	−0.009 (−0.016)	0.000 (−0.001)	−0.001 (−0.002)	0.000 (0.000)	0.001 (0.002)
Migrant background
North West	0.014 (0.012)	−0.034 (−0.031)	0.001 (0.001)	−0.002 (−0.002)	−0.002 (−0.001)	−0.007 (−0.006)
Eastern Europe	−0.063 (−0.071)	−0.089* (−0.101)	−0.012 (−0.014)	−0.020 (−0.022)	−0.017 (−0.020)	−0.018 (−0.020)
Global South	−0.122** (−0.293)	−0.114** (−0.273)	−0.059** (−0.143)	−0.064** (−0.153)	−0.036 (−0.087)	−0.032 (−0.076)
Education (years)		0.030** (0.288)	0.028** (0.265)	0.028** (0.269)	0.023** (0.219)	0.023 (0.215)
Work experience, general (years)		0.002* (0.108)	0.000 (−0.010)	0.000 (−0.004)	0.000 (0.018)	0.000 (0.009)
Highest education in Sweden			0.081** (0.162)	0.080** (0.160)	0.075* (0.150)	0.076** (0.151)
Work experience, care sector (years)			0.003** (0.204)	0.003** (0.189)	0.003* (0.170)	0.003** (0.183)
Children				−0.001 (−0.002)	0.002 (0.006)	0.001 (0.004)
Private sector				0.047 (0.087)	0.026 (0.049)	0.024 (0.045)
Permanent tenure				0.033 (0.050)	0.026 (0.039)	0.025 (0.038)
WPSC					0.044** (0.237)	0.039** (0.212)
Relationship with manager						0.016 (0.088)
R^2 adjusted	0.074	0.148	0.184	0.185	0.230	0.235

Note: **denotes significance at 1% level and * at 5% level.