Marginalized (non)citizens: migrant youth political engagement, volunteering and performative citizenship in the context of Brexit

Figures & data

Table 1. Profile of survey respondents (Sample = 1120) (see also Sime et al. 2022).

	Category	Number	Percentage
Gender (N = 1118)	Male	419	37
	Female	673	60
	Transgender	3	n/a
	Other/Prefer not to say	23	2
Age groups (N = 1112)	12–15	359	32
	16–18	753	68
Country of birth (N = 1116)	Poland	625	56
	Romania	116	10
	Lithuania	101	9
	Hungary	59	5
	Latvia	56	5
	Bulgaria	46	4
	Other	39	3
	Slovakia	29	3
	Russia	19	2
	Estonia	10	1
	Czech Republic	9	1
	Ukraine	4	n/a
	Slovenia	3	n/a
Ethnicity (N = 1098)	White	1,062	97
	Mixed/multiple	20	2
	Gypsy/Traveller/Roma	9	1
	Asian	3	n/a
	Black	2	n/a
	Latino/Hispanic	2	n/a
Religion (N = 1095)	Christian	645	59
	Atheist	403	37
	Other/Don’t know	47	4
Location in the UK (N = 911)	England	720	79
	Scotland	191	21
Year young person moved to the UK (N = 974)	2011–2014	347	36
	2005–2010	504	52
	1998–2004	90	9
	Don’t know	33	3
Feelings on Brexit* (N = 948)	Uncertain	535	56
	Worried	513	54
	Scared	257	27
	Hopeful	177	19
	Angry	175	18
	Excited	66	7
	Happy	53	6
Experienced racism “because of accent, colour of your skin or the way you look” (N = 882)	Very often	56	6
	Often	71	8
	Sometimes	278	32
	Rarely	274	31
	Never	203	23

Note: *Respondents could choose more than one answer.

Table 2. Differences in intention to vote between respondents who live in England (N = 720) and who live in Scotland (N = 191).

Intention to vote (if they were eligible)	Respondents living in England	Respondents living in Scotland
Conservative	11%	2%
Labour	24%	7%
Liberal Democrats	8%	1%
Green Party	8%	5%
Scottish National Party	1%	20%
UKIP	3%	2%
I wouldn’t vote	9%	18%
I don’t know	36%	45%
Total	100%	100%

Note: Survey question: “If you could vote, which party would you be most likely to vote for?”

Table 3. Matrix of Spearman’s rho correlations between sense of belonging to the UK and other factors, using standardized scores.

	Sense of belonging to the UK	Sense of belonging to neighbourhood	Feeling safe in one’s community	Strong feeling about one’s neigh-bourhood	Feeling happy about relationships with family in the UK	Feeling happy about relationships with friends in the UK	Satisfaction with life in the UK overall	Experiences of racism
Sense of belonging to the UK	1.000
Sense of belonging to neighbourhood	.479**	1.000
Feeling safe in one's community	.306**	.491**	1.000
Strong feelings about one’s neighbour-hood	.252**	.559**	.305**	1.000
Feeling happy about relationships with family in the UK	.191**	.294**	.283**	.270**	1.000
Feeling happy about relationships with friends in the UK	.369**	.353**	.301**	.287**	.381**	1.000
Satisfaction with life in the UK overall	.475**	.477**	.368**	.281**	.373**	.471**	1.000
Experiences of racism	-.199**	-.320**	-.359**	-.165**	-.188**	-.151**	-.224**	1.000

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table 4. Differences in interest in politics between respondents who volunteered (N = 184) and those who did not volunteer (N = 842).

Interest in politics	Respondents who volunteered	Respondents who did not volunteer
Very Interested	20%	15%
Quite interested	44%	34%
Neither interested, nor disinterested	27%	31%
Not very interested	6%	14%
Completely disinterested	3%	6%
Total	100%	100%

Table 5. Differences in intention to vote between respondents who volunteer (N = 133) and those who did not volunteer (N = 496).

Intention to vote (if they were eligible)	Respondents who volunteered	Respondents who did not volunteer
Conservative	13%	14%
Labour	39%	30%
Liberal Democrats	12%	10%
Green Party	19%	11%
Scottish National Party	8%	8%
UKIP	2%	6%
I wouldn’t vote	7%	21%
Total	100%	100%

Note: Survey question: “If you could vote, which party would you be most likely to vote for?”

Sime, D., N. Tyrrell, E. Käkelä, and M. Moskal. 2022. “Performing Whiteness: Central and Eastern European Young People’s Experiences of Xenophobia and Racialisation in the UK Post-Brexit.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Online View.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available through the UK Data Service for registered users at: doi: 10.5255/UKDA-SN-854232.