The emancipation continuum: analysing the role of ESOL in the settlement of immigrants

Figures & data

Table 1. The emancipation continuum.

Concept	Indoctrination	Empowerment	Emancipation
Immigration Model	Assimilation	Integration Through Social Capital	Inclusion
Educational Approach	Prescriptive Curriculum: Content selected to develop learners’ capacities to meet the needs of dominant forces in society.	Needs-based Curriculum: Content aims to develop knowledge and skills that allows learners to reach their potential within existing power structures.	Co-created Curriculum: Learners identify/select content that allows them to critically engage with existing societal structures, and develop skills to effect change.
Features	-Pre-determined content and outcomes -Tasks socialise learners into subordinate positions -Existing structures/values presented as positive -Teacher dispenses knowledge as dictated by syllabus	-Content selected to develop skills for life, work and further study -Tasks relate to real-world situations and address learners’ practical needs -Little/no critical engagement with social justice issues -Teacher dispenses knowledge according to perceived learner needs	-Content negotiated between learners and teacher -Tasks develop critical thinking skills -Learners encouraged to identify and challenge social injustices -Learning is multidirectional, between students and teacher and also among students