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Research Article

Written multilingualism challenging French hegemony in the cemetery

Received 12 Apr 2023, Accepted 21 Aug 2023, Published online: 07 Sep 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. (a and b) Two examples of time-worn tombstones.

Figure 1. (a and b) Two examples of time-worn tombstones.

Table 1. Inscription in Italian for the Marenco family.

Figure 2. Two variants of spelling the name Lichnewsky.

Figure 2. Two variants of spelling the name Lichnewsky.

Table 2. Epitaphs showing a likely accommodation from Russian to French.

Table 3. Bilingual inscription in Italian and French.

Figure 3. Multilingual grave of Ferdinand Gustav Studt in French, English and German.

Figure 3. Multilingual grave of Ferdinand Gustav Studt in French, English and German.

Table 4. Multilingual inscription for Ferdinand Gustav Studt (see ).

Figure 4. Bilingual inscription in Polish and French for Felicie Macewicz.

Figure 4. Bilingual inscription in Polish and French for Felicie Macewicz.

Table 5. Bilingual inscription for Felicie Macewicz (see ).

Figure 5. Monolingual inscription in Russian for Ivan Nikolaevič Fokšanjan.

Figure 5. Monolingual inscription in Russian for Ivan Nikolaevič Fokšanjan.

Figure 6. The Russian Orthodox chapel in the Cimetière du Château.

Figure 6. The Russian Orthodox chapel in the Cimetière du Château.

Figure 7. (a and b) Two graves for African Tirailleurs.

Figure 7. (a and b) Two graves for African Tirailleurs.

Figure 8. Plaque with text in Occitan.

Figure 8. Plaque with text in Occitan.