Resilience in railway transport systems: a literature review and research agenda

Figures & data

Figure 1. Number of disruptions and total duration in the Dutch railway network during 2011–2018 (source: https://www.rijdendetreinen.nl/en/statistics).

Table 1. Definitions of resilience in transport systems.

Definition	Reference
Ability to recover quickly from a disruption	Bababeik, Khademi, Chen, and Nasiri (2017), Chan and Schofer (2016), Lu (2018), Saadat, Zhang, Zhang, Ayyub, and Huang (2018), Adjetey-Bahun, Planchet, Birregah, and Châtelet (2016), Jenelius and Cats (2015), Janić (2015), D’Lima and Medda (2015)
Remaining system’s performance during a disruption	Khaled et al. (2015), Diab and Shalaby (2019), Ferranti et al. (2016), Dawson et al. (2016), Dorbritz (2011)
Described with four properties: robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness and rapidity (based on Bruneau et al., 2003)	Beiler, McNeil, Ames, and Gayley (2013), Bocchini, Frangopol, Ummenhofer, and Zinke (2014)
A function of system’s vulnerability against potential disruption, and its adaptive capacity in recovering to an acceptable level of service within a reasonable timeframe after being affected	Mansouri et al. (2009), Saadat et al. (2018), Zhang et al. (2018)

Figure 2. Resilience of railway transport system including vulnerability, survivability, response and recovery.

Table 2. Distribution of papers per year of publication.

Year	References
2008	1
2009	3
2010	2
2011	2
2012	3
2014	5
2015	5
2016	9
2017	8
2018	12
2019*	9
Total	59

*until August 2019.

Table 3. Distribution of papers per journals.

Journal title	References
Transportation Research Part B: Methodological	6
Transportation	3
Transportation Science	3
Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review	3
Journal of Rail Transport Planning and Management	2
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications	2
Journal of Transport Geography	2
Transportation Research Record	2
Others (with one publication)	36
Total	59

Table 4. Classification of the papers in resilience in railway transport systems.

Metric	Approach	References	Examples
Topological	Topological	Derrible and Kennedy (2010a, 2010b), D’Lima and Medda (2015) Adjetey-Bahun et al. (2016), Wang et al. (2017), Saadat et al. (2018), Zhang et al. (2018), Candelieri, Galuzzi, Giordani, and Archetti (2019)	Network-wide assessment of 30 metro networks around the world Recovery from a short disruption in London Underground
System-based	Data-driven	Dawson et al. (2016), Ferranti et al. (2016), Zhu et al. (2016); Chan and Schofer (2016), Zhu, Xie, Ozbay, Zuo, and Yang (2017), Janić (2018), Mudigonda, Ozbay, and Bartin (2019), Diab and Shalaby (2019), Chen and Wang (2019)	Impacts of hurricane Sandy on New York metro Effects of an earthquake on high-speed railways in Japan
	Topological	Dorbritz (2011), Rodríguez-Núñez and García-Palomares (2014)	Assessment of failures in the Swiss railway network
	Simulation	Cats and Jenelius (2014), Adjetey-Bahun, Birregah, Châtelet, Planchet, and Laurens-Fonseca (2014), Hong, Ouyang, Peeta, He, and Yan (2015), Jenelius and Cats (2015), Zilko, Kurowicka, and Goverde (2016), Zhu and Goverde (2017), Yap, van Oort, van Nes, and van Arem (2018), Meesit, Andrews, and Remenyte-Prescott (2019)	Estimation of disruptions costs at Stockholm metro railway Effects of future floodings on Chinese high-speed railways
	Optimization	Peterson and Church (2008), Babick (2009), Jespersen-Groth, Potthoff, Clausen, Huisman, and Kroon (2009), Hirai, Kunimatsu, Tomii, Kondou, and Takaba (2009), Meng and Zhou (2011), Fiondella, Rahman, Lownes, and Basavaraj (2016), Chen and Miller-Hooks (2012); Gedik, Medal, Rainwater, Pohl, and Mason (2014), Jin, Tang, Sun, and Lee (2014), Khaled et al. (2015), Azad, Hassini, and Verma (2016), Veelenturf, Kidd, Cacchiani, Kroon, and Toth (2016), Van Der Hurk, Koutsopoulos, Wilson, Kroon, and Maróti (2016), Ghaemi, Cats, and Goverde (2017), Whitman, Barker, Johansson, and Darayi (2017), Van Aken et al. (2017a), Van Aken, Bešinović, and Goverde (2017b), Bababeik et al. (2017), Bababeik, Khademi, and Chen (2018), van Lieshout, Bouman, and Huisman (2018), Ghaemi et al. (2018), Bešinović, van Aken, Looij, and Goverde (2018), Gu et al. (2017), Zhu and Goverde (2019), Liu, Zhu, Bešinović, Goverde, and Xu (2019), Bešinović et al. (2019), Szymula and Bešinović (2019), Meesit and Andrews (2019)	Network-wide analysis of the US freight railway network Allocate rescue trains for severe disruptions in the Iranian railway network Passenger-centered recovery in the Dutch railway network/Shanghai metro Designing alternative timetables for planned disruptions Scheduling bus replacement services for urban railways in Boston (US)/Liverpool (UK)

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