The passenger’s influence on dwell times at station platforms: a literature review

Figures & data

Figure 1. Process of literature review. Adapted from Denyer and Pilbeam (2013).

Figure 2. The effect of the ratio between boarding and alighting on queuing behaviour and the formation of lanes. Source: adapted from Seriani et al. (2016a).

Figure 3. Hierarchy of passenger influences within dwell time.

Table 1. Overview of effects on dwell time.

	Effect on dwell times		Study
	Change	Base
Door holding	+1s to 13s	Not mentioned	Harris (2015)
Excessive service	+25s
Majority of passengers boarding	+8.8s	40.8	Seriani et al. (2019)
Majority of passengers alighting	+1.1s
Concentrated boarding	+30s to 52s	45s & 23s	Oliveira et al. (2019)

Table 2. Effects of measures on dwell times.

	Effect on dwell times		Study
	Change	Base
Keep out zone to organise queues and aid the formation of lanes	−22s	44.4s	Seriani and Fernandez (2015)
Adaptation to passenger distribution on platforms	−5s	70s	Perkins et al. (2015)
Adaptations to the stopping position of trains	−30s*	144s	van den Heuvel (2016)
Seat reservation	−80s**	180s	Farnsworth et al. (2017)

*this effect was only present during peak hours

**this reduction occurs when 100% of the passengers have knowledge about seat locations versus 0%

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