Cervical biomarkers as predictors of successful induction of labour by Foley catheter

Figures & data

Table 1. Patient characteristics and obstetric outcomes.

n = 34	N	%
Maternal age [mean (SD)]	31.2	(±4.4)
BMI (kg/m^2) [mean (SD)]	24.5	(±4.6)
BMI (kg/m^2) ≥30 kg/m^2	5	14.7
Smoking	1	2.9
Gestational diabetes	9	26.5
Bishop ≤3 at start IOL	17	50.0
Post-term pregnancy (≥42 weeks)	27	79.4
Indication for IOL
Post-term pregnancy	27	79.4
Other^a	7	20.6
Bishop score ≥6 at FC expulsion	28	82.4
Subsequential misoprostol use	6	17.6
Oxytocin use	32	94.1
Oxytocin use for induction of labour	18	52.9
Caesarean delivery	15	44.1
Foetal distress	2	13.3
Labour arrest	6	40.0
Failed induction	5	33.3
Other^b	2	13.4
Vaginal delivery within 24 h	10	29.4

BMI: body mass index; IOL: induction of labour; FC: Foley catheter.

^aCholestasis of pregnancy n = 2, gestational diabetes n = 2, foetal macrosomia n = 2, psychosocial reasons n = 1.

^bUmbilical cord prolapse n = 1, maternal epileptic seizure n = 1.

Figure 1. Cervical IGFBP-1 and phIGFBP-1 concentrations increase during Foley catheter cervical ripening.

Figure 2. Cervical MMP-8 and MMP-9 concentrations decrease during Foley catheter cervical ripening. MMP-2 concentration does not significantly change.

Figure 3. Cervical TIMP-1 concentration does not significantly change, whereas TIMP-2 concentration decreases during Foley catheter cervical ripening.

Table 2. The baseline concentrations (µg/l) of the cervical biomarkers prior to Fc insertion.

Cervical biomarker	Median (range)	Interquartile range
IGFBP-1	2 (0.1–261)	0.6–26
phIGFBP-1	6 (0.3–976)	2–62
MMP-2	9 (1–39)	5–18
MMP-8	446 (28–1998)	260–1340
MMP-9	433 (11–3019)	233–832
TIMP-1	16 (1–162)	7–31
TIMP-2	26 (1–111)	6–41

Table 3. The cervical biomarker concentrations at FC insertion and labour outcomes.

	Median (range)
Cervical biomarker	Vaginal delivery (n = 19)	CS for failure to progress (n = 11)	p value
IGFBP	2 (0.1–158)	2 (0.7–261)	.67
pHIGFBP	4 (0.3–277)	19 (0.8–976)	.67
MMP-2	9 (1–39)	18 (3–21)	.97
MMP-8	446 (28–1998)	446 (138–1990)	.64
MMP-9	505 (11–3019)	334 (59–2252)	.74
TIMP-1	12 (1–83)	159 (3–162)	.58
TIMP-2	27 (0.7–111)	39 (5–44)	1.00

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