Determination of distress, emotional eating and internalized weight bias levels of Turkish pregnant women

Figures & data

Table 1. The comparison of Internalisation Weight Bias Scale (IWBS), and Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS) Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire/Emotional eating subscale with personal and pregnancy-related characteristics of women (n = 210).

Characteristics of pregnancy women	n	%	IWBS	TPDS	EA
Women’s education			Mean score ± standard deviation
Literate	43	20.4	38.52 ± 10.81	18.90 ± 5.54	36.37 ± 17.15
Primary education	95	45.3	37.48 ± 11.61 F=.197	18.87 ± 7.04 F = .150	37.00 ± 12.78 F = 1.577
High school/university	72	34.3	38.72 ± 11.98 p = .898	19.34 ± 6.33 p = .930	37.88 ± 16.98 p = .196
Husband’s education
Literate	113	53.9	44.52 ± 12.52	18.69 ± 6.54	36.72 ± 16.58
Primary education	32	15.1	43.66 ± 11.64 F = 1.622	18.63 ± 5.81 F = 1.805	35.54 ± 14.84 F = 341
High school/university	65	31.0	40.12 ± 9.52 p = .185	19.40 ± 6.29 p = .147	35.32 ± 17.14 p = .796
Women’s occupation
Housewife	150	71.4	38.31 ± 11.79 t = .228	18.61 ± 6.11 t = 2.224	33.96 ± 14.69 t = 2.556
Working	60	28.6	41.69 ± 9.89 p = .877	20.86 ± 6.46 p = .860	36.61 ± 18.34 p = .066
Financial Level
Low	101	48.3	43.93 ± 12.07 t = .476	19.75 ± 6.23 t = 1.012	32.88 ± 14.48 t=224
Medium	109	51.7	41.38 ± 9.83 p = .622	20.23 ± 6.26 p = .389	34.65 ± 14.78 p = .879
Family residence
Village	80	38.0	48.47 ± 11.71 t = 1.028	18.71 ± 5.91 t = 1.491	34.12 ± 16.39 t = .659
City	130	62.0	50.40 ± 8.71 p = .350	19.29 ± 6.29 p = .659	36.61 ± 15.86 p = .518
Trimester
Second trimester	161	76.6	40.72 10.85 t = 1.193	18.75 ± 6.00 t = 1.831	34.08 ± 15.48 t = .000
Third trimester	49	23.4	49.31 11.81 p = .001*	21.12 ± 6.96 p = .030	40.91 ± 16.53 p = .009*
Number of child(ren)
First pregnancy(current)	66	31.4	32.07 ± 11.35	18.16 ± 5.90	35.38 ± 15.26
1,2 children	80	38.0	32.28 ± 11.56 F = 796	21.78 ± 5.60 F = 7.195	34.84 ± 16.41 F = .224
Third and above children	64	30.6	34.47 ± 12.09 p = .512	22.62 ± 6.90 p = .001*	35.61 ± 15.94 p = .879
BMI(pre pregnancy)
Under and normal weight	112	53.1	32.31 ± 11.79 t = 2.428	18.61 ± 6.11 t = 2.224	33.96 ± 14.69 t = 1.556
Obese or owerweight	98	47.9	43.69 ± 9.89 p = .001^*	20.86 ± 6.46 p = .860	36.61 ± 18.34 p = .046

*p < .001.

t: İndepent Sample Test;

F: One Way Anova.

Boldface values represent the significance level as p < .05.

Table 2. Internalisation Weight Bias Scale (IWBS), Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS) and Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire/Emotional eating subscale.

Scale (number of guestions)	Mean score ± standard deviation	Min-Max
Scale of weight bias (11)	30.93 ± 10.92	11–77
Scale of distress(16)	19.64 ± 10.57	0–48
Subscale of spouse-participation(5)	3.39 ± 3.59	0–33
Subscale of negative-self(11)	16.25 ± 6.22	0–15
Scale emotional eating(13)	44.08 ± 15.	13–65

Table 3. The correlation between scales (IWBS,TPDS,EA).

	BMI	Emotional Eating Scale	Weight Bias Scale	Distress Scale
BMI	–	r = .490** p = .001	r = .681** p =  .001	r = .103 p = .138
Emotional Eating Scale	–	–	r = .624** p = .001	r = .224* p = .014
Weight Bias Scale	–	–	–	r = .305** p = .001

Boldface values represent the significance level as p < .05.