The importance of infertility duration and follicle size according to pregnancy success in women undergoing ovulation induction with gonadotropins and intrauterine insemination

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographical, clinical characteristics of the patients and live birth rate.

Variable	Live birth (Group 1) (n = 47)	No live birth (Group 2) (n = 305)	p Value
Age (years)	29.2 ± 5.2	29.3 ± 5.0	0.817
BMI	27.7 ± 4.8	26.9 ± 4.4	0.226
Infertility time (years)	3.5 ± 2.1	4.7 ± 3.9	0.014
Infertility type			0.761
Unexplained	13 (27.7)	91 (29.8)
PCOS	34 (72.3)	214 (70.2)
FSH (mIU/mL)	6.6 ± 1.7	7.0 ± 2.1	0.199
E2 (basal) (pg/mL)	41.2 ± 19.0	39.1 ± 14.9	0.821
AFC (right ovary)	7.3 ± 3.4	6.7 ± 3.5	0.164
AFC (left ovary)	7.4 ± 3.4	6.7 ± 3.5	0.148
Starting day	3 (2-4)	3 (2–4)	0.304
Initial dose (IU)	75 (37.5–225)	75 (37.5–150)	0.075
Gonadotropin type n (%)			0.289
FSH	45 (95.7)	284 (93.1)
HMG	2 (4.3)	20 (6.6)
HMG + FSH	0	1 (0.3)
Cycle count	1 (1–3)	1 (1–4)	0.478
HCG day	12 (8–21)	11 (5–23)	0.790
HCG type n (%)			0.052
Recombinant	12 (25.5)	123 (40.3)
Urinary	35 (74.5)	182 (59.7)
IUI timing after HCG n (%)			0.388
24 hours later	14 (29.8)	78 (25.6)
36 hours later	33 (70.2)	227 (74.4)
E2 level on HCG day (pg/mL)	452 (191–2854)	508 (175–2521)	0.575
Follicle count n (%)	648.1 ± 526.9	598.2 ± 372.8	0.919
Monofollicular	30 (63.8)	197 (64.6)
Bifollicular	17 (36.2)	108 (35.4)
Dominant follicle size (mm)	19.0 ± 1.5	19.1 ± 1.4	0.875
Endometrial thickness (mm)	9.9 ± 1.7	9.4 ± 1.9	0.080
Stimulation time (day)	9 (5–18)	9 (4–19)	0.870
Total GND dose (IU)	675 (225–1650) 675.0 ± 308.1	675 (225–2100) 715.0 ± 318.2	0.494
Number of previous IUI (s)	3 (1–6)	3 (0–4)	0.562

AFC: Antral follicle count; BMI: body mass index; HCG: Human chorionic gonadotropin; IUI: Intrauterine insemination; GND: Gonadotropin; PCOS: Polycystic ovary syndrome.

Table 2. Comparing baseline characteristics between two groups patients under 35 and above.

Variable	<35 year (n = 288)	>35 year (n = 64)	p value
Age (years)	27.5 ± 3.7	37.2 ± 1.7	<0.001
BMI	27.4 ± 4.6	28.8 ± 4.8	0.047
Infertility time (years)	4.4 ± 2.6	5.2 ± 4.0	0.899
Infertility type			0.032
Unexplained	210 (72.9)	38 (59.4)
PCOS	78 (27.1)	26 (40.6)
FSH (mIU/mL)	6.8 ± 2.1	7.7 ± 1.9	<0.001
E2 (basal) (pg/mL)	38 ± 13.4	45.5 ± 19.8	<0.005
AFC (right ovary)	7.1 ± 3.6	5.4 ± 3.1	<0.001
AFC (left ovary)	7.1 ± 3.5	5.6 ± 3.1	<0.001
Starting day	3 (2–4)	3 (2–4)	0.639
Initial dose (IU)	75 (37.5–225)	75 (37.5–150)	<0.001
Gonadotropin type n (%)			0.215
FSH	274 (95.1)	55 (85.9)
HMG	14 (4.9)	8 (12.5)
HMG + FSH	0	1 (1.6)
Cycle count	1 (1–3)	1 (1–4)	0.244
HCG day	12 (5–23)	10 (8–17)	0.015
HCG type n (%)			0.061
Recombinant	104 (36.1)	31 (48.4)
Urinary	184 (63.9)	33 (51.6)
IUI timing after HCG n (%)			0.215
24 hours later	80 (27.8)	12 (18.7)
36 hours later	208 (72.2)	52 (81.3)
E2 level on HCG day (pg/mL)	609.7 ± 400.6 506 (226–2854)	583.1 ± 378.6 497 (175–2016)	0.547
Follicle count n (%)			0.423
Monofollicular	189 (65.6)	38 (59.4)
Bifollicular	99 (34.4)	26 (40.6)
Dominant follicle size (mm)	19.0 ± 1.4	19.3 ± 1.3	0.250
Endometrial thickness (mm)	9.6 ± 2.0	9.2 ± 1.6	0.265
Stimulation time (day)	9 (4–19)	8 (5–14)	0.059
Total GND dose (IU)	697.9 ± 319.5 575 (225–1500)	769.2 ± 297.9 675 (375–2100)	0.061

AFC: Antral follicle count; BMI: body mass index; HCG: Human chorionic gonadotropin; IUI: Intrauterine insemination; GND: Gonadotropin; PCOS: Polycystic ovary syndrome.

Table 3. Logistic regression model for predicting livebirth.

Variable	Beta	Wald	p Value	Odds ratio	95% CI
Age (years)	0.013	0.175	0.675	1.013	0.953–1.078
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.050	2.005	0.157	0.951	0.887–1.019
Infertility duration (years)	0.186	5.990	0.014	0.830	0.715–0.964
Infertility type	0.123	3.339	0.561	0.772	0.793–1.143
Endometrial thickness (mm)	0.147	3.002	0.083	1.158	0.981–1.368
Follicle size (mm)	0.012	0.001	0.973	0.988	0.508–1.923

BMI: body mass index.