The combined use of ultrasound examination of hemodynamics in the umbilical artery and urine microalbumin levels can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with severe preeclampsia

Figures & data

Figure 1. UmA level is increased in sPE patients. UmA level in urine samples of sPE patients and healthy controls was measured by means of ELISA. Data were described as mean ± standard deviation. The independent sample t test was applied to compare the difference between groups. **p < 0.01.

Figure 2. UmA level is positively correlated with ultrasonic parameters of UA PI and RI in the urine of sPE patients. The correlation between (A) PI and UmA levels and between (B) RI and UmA levels in sPE patients was analysed by Pearson’s co-efficient analysis.

Table 1. Adverse pregnancy outcomes of sPE patients and healthy controls.

Features	Controls	sPE	P-value
	(N = 75)	(N = 80)
Asphyxia neonatorum	4	19
Low birth weight	2	14
Foetal stress	3	18
Foetal growth restriction	4	22
Total	13	73	<0.0001

sPE: severe preeclampsia. Data were expressed as numbers (N). Pairwise comparison was analysed using the Chi-square test.

Table 2. Comparison of adverse pregnancy outcomes between the high UmA expression group and low UmA expression group.

Feature	High UmA expression group (N = 40)	Low UmA expression group (N = 40)	P-value
Asphyxia neonatorum	10	9
Low birth weight	8	6
Foetal stress	10	8
Foetal growth restriction	12	10
Total	40	33	0.0056

UmA: urine microalbumin. Data were expressed as numbers (N). Pairwise comparison was analysed using the Chi-square test.

Table 3. Logistics multivariate regression analysis of adverse pregnancy outcomes of sPE patients.

Variables	OR	95 CI%	P-value
Alanine aminotransferase	1.429	0.607–-3.366	0.414
Blood platelet	1.025	0.970–1.083	0.379
Infant birth weight	1.002	0.996–1.009	0.485
PI	0.004	0.000–0.737	0.038
RI	0	0.000–0.791	0.048
UmA	1.627	1.143–2.315	0.007

sPE: severe preeclampsia; PI: pulsatility index; RI: resistance index; UmA: urine microalbumin; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.