Maternal and foetal risks associated with teenage pregnancy - a comparative retrospective study in Turkey

Figures & data

Figure 1. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE).

Flow diagram of patients recruitment.

Table 1. Demographic data of pregnant adolescents and the control group with comparisons of education level, marital status, and smoking by groups.

		Adolescent group (n: 480) (%)	Control group (n: 480) (%)	p-value
Age		17.28 ± 1.14 SD	23.16 ± 1.85 SD
Smoking	Yes	143 (29.8)	47 (9.8)	<0.001
	No	337 (70.2)	433 (90.2)
Marital status	Married	296 (61.7)	445 (92.7)	<0.001
	Single	184 (38.3)	35 (7.3)
Education level	<Primary education	268 (55.8)	127 (26.5)	<0.001
	Primary education	188 (39.2)	201 (41.8)
	High school	24 (5)	113 (23.5)
	University	0 (0)	39 (8.2)

Mean ± SD (standard deviation).

Normality of the data was evaluated with skewness and kurtosis values and q values were evaluated with the chi-square test.

Table 2. Infants’ APGAR scores measured at the 5th minute after birth were similar between the groups.

	β	Std. error	Sig.	Exp (β)	%95 CI lower bound	%95 CI upper bound
Intercept	−0.019	0.197	0.922
Apgar 5th Min. 4	0.019	1.428	0.989	1.020	0.062	16.743
Apgar 5th Min. 5	0.019	0.470	0.967	1.020	0.406	2.560
Apgar 5th Min. 6	0.019	0.336	0.954	1.020	0.528	1.970
Apgar 5th Min. 7	0.019	0.254	0.939	1.020	0.620	1.677
Apgar 5th Min. 8	0.019	0.250	0.938	1.020	0.624	1.665
Apgar 5th Min. 9	0.024	0.218	0.913	1.024	0.668	1.571
Apgar 5th Min. 10	0

Min: minute; CI: confidence interval; Exp β: logistic coefficient; Sig: Significant.

Binary logistic regression test.

Table 3. Maternal and foetal outcomes of pregnant adolescents and the control group.

		Adolescent group (n: 480) (%)	Control group (n: 480) (%)	p-value
Birth Week		38.2 ± 1.71*	37.97 ± 1.84*	0.90
Birth Weight		3010 ± 267*	3043 ± 264*	0.99
Apgar 5th Minute		8.33 ± 1.19*	8.38 ± 1.33*	0.97
Type of Birth	C/S	106 (22.1)	135 (28.1)	<0.03
	NSVD	374 (77.9)	345 (71.9)
Preeclampsia	No	466 (97.1)	476 (99.2)	0.017
	Yes	14 (2.9)	4 (0.8)
Preterm labour	No	88 (18.3)	86 (17.9)	0.86
	Yes	88 (18.3)	86 (17.9)
IUGR	No	429 (89.4)	450 (93.8)	0.015
	Yes	51 (10.6)	30 (6.3)

* : Mean ± SD (standard deviation).

C/S: Caesarean section; NSVD: normal spontaneous vaginal delivery.

Normality of the data was evaluated with skewness and kurtosis values and q values were evaluated with the t-test.

Table 4. Risk levels of pregnant adolescents in terms of adverse pregnancy outcomes and conditions.

	OR	95% CI	p-value
Smoking	3.04	2.24 − 4.12	<0.001
Marital status	5.25	3.74 − 7.37	<0.001
Preeclampsia	3.50	1.16 − 10.5	0.017
IUGR	1.70	1.10 − 2.62	0.015

OR: Odds Ratio; CI: confidence interval.

Risks were evaluated using Fisher’s exact test.

Data availability statement

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.