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Abstract
This paper mainly discusses the relevance of some cooling-water quality parameters and the cooling-water fouling mechanism. By using plate and shell-and-tube heat exchanger experimental systems that are built to simulate the practical operation of heat exchangers, we acquired groups of data of water quality parameters such as Fe3+ and Cl− in the cycle process. Then some interaction analyses were made to study the connection between water quality parameters and fouling deposition, and the results indicate that water quality parameters influence each other in a cycle process and the interconnections of water quality parameters have a direct and obvious impact on cooling-water fouling growth in the early operation stage. Later, fouling growth becomes stable for the reason that each parameter achieves a dynamic balance. Cooling-water fouling growth is a comprehensive result of water quality parameter dynamic changes.
NOMENCLATURE
| a | = | constant value |
| cp | = | fluid specific heat at constant pressure, J/kg-K |
| d | = | tube internal diameter, m |
| f | = | friction coefficient |
| Kf | = | constant value |
| l | = | tube length, m |
| = | fluid rate, kg/s | |
| Δp | = | pressure drop, Pa |
| Pr | = | Prantl number, dimensionless |
| q | = | heat flux, W/m2 |
| Rf | = | fouling thermal resistance, m2-K/W |
| Re | = | Reynolds number, dimensionless |
| St | = | Stanton number, dimensionless |
| Tf | = | fluid temperature, K |
| Tfi | = | inlet temperature of tube, K |
| Tfo | = | outlet temperature of tube, K |
| Ts | = | temperature between fouling layer and fluid, K |
| Twf | = | interface temperature between tube wall and fouling layer, K |
| V | = | average fluid velocity, m/s |
Greek Symbols
| α | = | flow heat transfer coefficient, W/(m2-K) |
| ϵ | = | relative error, % |
| μ | = | dynamic viscosity of fluid, kg/m·s |
| v | = | kinematic viscosity of fluid, m2/s |
| ρ | = | fluid density, kg/m3 |
Subscripts
| f | = | fluid |
| fi | = | inlet channel fluid |
| fo | = | outlet channel fluid |
| p | = | pressure |
| s | = | surface |
| wf | = | tube wall and fouling |
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Zhiming Xu
Zhiming Xu is a professor of thermal sciences at the Northeast Dianli University (NEDU), Jinlin, China. He received his M.Sc. degree from the NEDU and his Ph.D. degree from Xi’an Jiaotong University in 1996. He has been teaching at the NEDU since 1983 and now is the director of the graduate faculty of the university. His research contributions were in the field of heat and mass transfer. He is currently working on energy conservation theory and technology of heat exchange equipment fouling and countermeasures.
Zuodong Liu
Zuodong Liu is a Ph.D. student at North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China, under the supervision of Prof. Z. M. Xu. He received a diploma of engineering thermophysics and an M.Sc degree from Northeast Dianli University in 2012. He is currently working on experimental investigation of heat exchanger fouling and the theory of energy conservation.
Yilong Zhang
Yilong Zhang is a Ph.D. student at North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China, under the supervision of Prof. Z. M. Xu. He received a diploma of automation and an M.Sc. degree from Northeast Dianli University in 2009. He is currently working on the theory of heat exchanger fouling and energy conservation.
Zhongbin Zhang
Zhongbin Zhang is an associate professor in Northeast Dianli University (NEDU). He received a diploma of engineering thermophysics and the M.Sc. degree from NEDU in 2004. He is currently working on experimental investigation of enhanced heat transfer and the theory of energy conservation.