Biogenic synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Scoparia dulcis L. and assessment of their antimicrobial property

Abstract

Naturally occurring phytochemicals serve as an excellent substitute in synthesizing nanomaterials. A process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the aqueous leaf extract of naturally occurring Scoparia dulcis is described here. The extracellular formation of AgNPs occurred within few minutes upon incubation of S. dulcis aqueous leaf extract (0.1 mL) (100% extract) with silver nitrate (2 mM AgNO₃) at 90 °C for 30 min, is first of its kind work. The appearance of bright yellow color with λ_max 420 nm confirm the formation of AgNPs. Zeta potential and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies reveal stable AgNPs (−22.7 mV) and characteristic spectra for silver. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicate the involvement of carboxyl, amine and hydroxyl groups in the synthetic process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show the spherical nature of AgNPs measuring 3–18 nm in size. Additional characterization using Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed the average particle size distribution of AgNPs as around 8.2 nm. Further antimicrobial testing through agar disc diffusion plate method indicated that silver nanoparticles are potentially active against pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and are only optimally active against fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans and measurement of minimal inhibition concentration by standard microdilution method. In conclusion, the study suggests that successful synthesis of green nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous S. dulcis leaf extract is simple, rapid, environmentally benign and economical. Moreover, these synthesized silver nanoparticles showed antimicrobial activity.

Keywords:

• Biosynthesis
• Scoparia dulcis
• silver nanoparticles
• FTIR
• XRD

Acknowledgements

The author extends her thanks to Dr. K. Suresh Babu, and Dr. B. Sreedhar, IICT, Hyderabad, India for providing the spectral data. Technical support of the study from S. Kishore is acknowledged.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

Thanks are due to UGC, New Delhi (Ref. No. 42–376/2013 (SR)) for the financial support provided to carry out the study for a period of three years (2013–2017).