Leisure Crafting: Scale Development and Validation

Abstract

The concept of crafting has been widely applied in studies on occupational and organizational behavior. However, few studies have examined the crafting behavior of leisure participants. The purpose of this study was to develop leisure-crafting dimensions and to design a scale with satisfactory reliability and validity. Through a literature review and focus group interviews, researchers proposed 50 initial questionnaire items. Data were then collected from serious leisure participants and from the public. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis was performed to facilitate scale purification and factor extraction, and confirmatory factor analysis was implemented to validate the factor structure. The scale effectiveness was verified through assessment of criterion-related and known-group validity. Results indicate that leisure crafting comprises four dimensions, namely increasing structural leisure resources, increasing social leisure resources, increasing challenging leisure demands, and decreasing leisure barriers. Theoretical and practical implications as well as suggestions for future research were outlined in this study.

Keywords:

• crafting behavior
• leisure crafting
• scale development
• serious leisure

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (R.O.C.) (Program No: MOST 107-2410-H-415-017-SS2).