C-Reaction Protein and the Severity of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Study from Chinese Stroke Center Alliance

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of enrolled patients

	CRP ≤3	3<CRP≤10	CRP >10	P value
Number, %	4184 (43.6)	3182 (33.2)	2223 (23.2)
Male, %	2581 (61.7)	2006 (63.0)	1499 (67.4)	<0.0001
Age (mean± SD), years	61.8 ± 12.9	62.7 ± 13.2	64.5 ± 14.0	<0.0001
Han ethnic, %	3984 (95.2)	3000 (94.3)	2064 (92.8)	0.0007
BMI	23.9 ± 4.7	24.1 ± 4.4	23.7 ± 4.5	0.0189
Education level, %				0.0027
College	115 (2.7)	84 (2.6)	61 (2.7)
Middle school	1199 (28.7)	908 (28.5)	636 (28.6)
Elementary or below	1298 (31.0)	1041 (32.7)	798 (35.9)
Family monthly income, %				0.0202
≤1000	344 (8.2)	314 (9.9)	217 (9.8)
1001–5000	1511 (36.1)	1111 (34.9)	836 (37.6)
>5000	236 (5.6)	151 (4.7)	118 (5.3)
Smoking, %	1331 (31.8)	1024 (32.2)	772 (34.7)	0.0494
Alcoholism, %	1022 (24.4)	847 (26.6)	592 (26.6)	0.0506
Systolic blood pressure (mean± SD), mmHg	165.4 ± 28.1	166.2 ± 28.1	167.1 ± 29.2	0.1648
Diastolic blood pressure (mean± SD), mmHg	95.6 ± 16.9	96.0 ± 16.8	96.1 ± 17.8	0.5136
Fast blood glucose (mean± SD), mmol/l	6.4 ± 2.5	6.6 ± 2.7	6.9 ± 3.0	<0.0001
Glycated hemoglobin (mean± SD), %	5.8 ± 1.5	5.9 ± 1.6	6.0 ± 1.9	0.0002
Total cholesterol (mean± SD), mmol/l	1.0 ± 1.9	1.2 ± 2.1	0.9 ± 1.9	<0.0001
Triglyceride (mean± SD), mmol/l	0.4 ± 0.9	0.5 ± 1.4	0.4 ± 1.2	<0.0001
Low density lipoprotein (mean± SD), mmol/l	2.6 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 1.5	2.9 ± 1.6	<0.0001
High density lipoprotein (mean± SD), mmol/l	1.1 ± 0.9	1.1 ± 1.0	1.3 ± 1.2	0.0008
Discharge diagnosis
Hypertension, %	3560 (85.1)	2664 (83.7)	1881 (84.6)	0.2734
Diabetes mellitus, %	470 (11.2)	332 (10.4)	242 (10.9)	0.5513
Dyslipidemia, %	507 (12.1)	354 (11.1)	262 (11.8)	0.4195

Table 2. Analysis of complicating diseases and ICH-related indexes among different CRP levels

	CRP ≤3	3<CRP≤10	CRP >10	P value
Hematoma evacuation, %	390 (9.3)	368 (11.6)	447 (20.1)	<0.0001
Recurrence of ICH, %	219 (5.2)	191 (6.0)	205 (9.2)	<0.0001
Hydrocephalus, %	61 (1.5)	58 (1.8)	72 (3.2)	<0.0001
Seizure, %	45 (1.1)	24 (0.8)	31 (1.4)	0.0715
Poor swallow function, %	480 (11.5)	405 (12.7)	503 (22.6)	<0.0001
Pneumonia, %	775 (18.5)	697 (21.9)	784 (35.3)	<0.0001
Pulmonary embolism, %	7 (0.2)	2 (0.1)	7 (0.3)	0.0825
Gastrointestinal bleeding, %	101 (2.4)	69 (2.2)	91 (4.1)	<0.0001
Urinary infection, %	77 (1.8)	45 (1.4)	66 (3.0)	0.0002
Deep vein thrombosis, %	44 (1.1)	35 (1.1)	49 (2.2)	0.0002
Decubitus, %	14 (0.3)	12 (0.4)	15 (0.7)	0.1206
Length of stay	16.1 ± 10.4	16.7 ± 11.5	18.8 ± 14.1	<0.0001
Hospital expenditure	17,219.4 ± 15,341.8	18,801.5 ± 17,119.0	24,248.4 ± 20,608.4	<0.0001
Routine disposition	3542 (84.7)	2645 (83.1)	1716 (77.2)	<0.0001

Table 3. Analysis of CRP and the severity of ICH

	CRP≤ 3	3<CRP≤10	CRP >10	P value
NIHSS (mean± SD)	8.3 ± 9.7	9.6 ± 10.1	11.6 ± 10.9	<0.0001
GCS (mean± SD)	12.1 ± 4.0	11.6 ± 4.0	10.6 ± 4.2	<0.0001
In-hospital death	53 (1.3)	57 (1.8)	61 (2.7)	0.0001

Table 4. Adjusted odd ratios of CRP for the presence of ICH severity and in-hospital death

Variable	Events/n(%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted 1 OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted 2 OR (95% CI)	P value
Severe ICH
CRP≤3	2681/4173(64.25)	Reference		Reference		Reference
3<CRP≤ 10	2140/3177(67.36)	1.15(1.04,1.27)	0.0054	1.15(1.04,1.27)	0.0050	1.14(1.04,1.26)	0.0076
CRP >10	1652/2220(74.41)	1.62(1.44,1.81)	<0.0001	1.63(1.45,1.83)	<0.0001	1.64(1.46,1.84)	<0.0001
In-hospital death
CRP ≤3	53/4184(1.27)	Reference		Reference		Reference
3<CRP≤10	57/3182(1.79)	1.42(0.98,2.07)	0.0673	1.39(0.95,2.02)	0.0903	1.40(0.96,2.04)	0.0835
CRP >10	61/2223(2.74)	2.20(1.52,3.19)	<0.0001	2.04(1.40,2.96)	0.0002	2.03(1.39,2.95)	0.0002

Adjusted 1: adjusted by sex, age.

Adjusted 2: adjusted by sex, age, BMI, household income, smoking, drinking, diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia on discharge.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request http://paper.ncrcnd.ttctrc.com/default/project-detail?id=290