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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PrC) is the second deadliest cancer of males in the United States Hormone deprivation therapy (HDT), a common therapy for advanced forms of the disease, results in tumor regression; unfortunately, tumors inevitably become castrate-resistant. Diet is not an appropriate primary therapy for refractory forms of the disease; however, diet may be effective as an adjuvant to HDT, potentially extending the latency period and delaying relapse and/or inhibiting refractory growth. Zyflamend® is a combination of extracts from multiple herbs, each with reported anticancer properties. Zyflamend can inhibit growth of various PrC cell lines, but no studies have investigated its potential use in vivo using a model of castrate-resistant PrC. In this study, oral doses of Zyflamend at human equivalent doses inhibited androgen-dependent and castrate-resistant tumor growth in a mouse model that mimics advanced stages of the disease, and reduced the expression of a number of biomarkers linked to PrC progression including pAKT, prostate specific antigen, histone deacetylases, and androgen receptor. In summary, this is the first article to report that Zyflamend, when provided at human equivalent doses, can potentiate the effects of hormone deprivation on tumor regression and growth inhibition of androgen-dependent and castrate-resistant PrC tumors in vivo.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported, in part, by a grant from New Chapter, Inc., Brattleboro, VT (Jay Whelan) and the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station (Jay Whelan), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
Jay Whelan had a conflict of interest: This work was supported, in part, by the Tennessee Agriculture Experiment Station, University of Tennessee and by a grant from New Chapter, Inc., Brattleboro, VT, where Zyflamend was provided at no cost by New Chapter, Inc., Brattleboro, VT. E-Chu Huang and Michael F. McEntee have no conflicts of interest.