Codes of Commitment to Crime and Resistance: Determining Social and Cultural Factors over the Behaviors of Italian Mafia Women

Figures & data

Table 1. Determinants of the Classification of Women in the Mafia.

	Determinants
Classification	Committing crime	Supporting psychologically and logistically	Making confessions	Resisting
Active conservative radicals	✓	✓	X	X
Passive conservative radicals	X	✓	X	X
Defectors	✓	✓	✓	✓
Rebels	X	X	✓	✓

Table 2. Classification of Italian Mafia Women According to Affiliation, Kinship, and Commitment to Crime and Resistance.

Names of women	Organized crime affiliation	Kinship status in family	Commitment to crime for the Mafia family	Commitment to resistance against the Mafia family	Classification
Addolorata Carangelo	Sacra Corona Unita	Wife of Mafia boss Giuseppe Scarlino	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Luciano Scarliano	Sacra Corona Unita	Daughter of Mafia boss Giuseppe Scarlino	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Domenica Biondi	Sacra Corona Unita	Wife of Mafia boss Giuseppe Rogoli	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Liliana Campana	Sacra Corona Unita	Sister of Mafiosi Sandro and Francesco Campana	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Maria Rosaria Buccarella	Sacra Corona Unita	Sister of Mafioso Salvatore Buccarella	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Erminia Giuliano	Camorra	Sister of Mafia boss Luigi Giuliano	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Concetta Scalisi	Cosa Nostra	Daughter of Mafioso Antonio Scalisi	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Gemma Donnaruma	Camorra	Wife of Mafioso Valentino Gionta	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Teresa De Luca Bossa	Camorra	Wife of Mafia boss Umberto De Luca Bossa	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Maria Sarreino	‘Ndrangheta	Wife of Mafia boss Rosario Di Giovine	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Livia De Martino	‘Ndrangheta	Wife of Mafioso Antonio Di Giovine	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Rosetta Cutolo	Camorra	Sister of the Mafia boss Raffaele Cutolo	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Maria Licciardi	Camorra	Sister of Mafiosi Vincenzo and Gennaro Licciardi	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Assunta Maresca	Camorra	Daughter of Mafia boss Vincenzo Maresca	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Angela Russo	Cosa Nostra	Mother of Mafioso Salvatore Russo	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Maria Catena Cammarata	Cosa Nostra	Sister of Mafia boss Pino	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Maria Grazie Genova	Cosa Nostra	Sister of Mafia boss Diego	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Maria Filippa Messina	Cosa Nostra	Wife of Mafia boss Antonino Cinturrino	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Francesca Citarda	Cosa Nostra	Wife of Mafia boss Giovanni Bontate	Active commitment	No	Active Conservative Radical
Giovanna Cannova	Cosa Nostra	Wife of Mafia boss don Vito Atria	Passive commitment	No	Passive Conservative Radical
Antonina (Ninetta) Bagarella	Cosa Nostra	Wife of Mafia boss Salvotore Riina	Passive commitment	No	Passive Conservative Radical
Rosalia Basile	Cosa Nostra	Wife of Mafia boss Vincenzo Scarantino	Passive commitment	No	Passive Conservative Radical
Ada Bevilaqua	Sacra Corona Unita	Mother of Mafia boss Cosimo Cirfeta	Passive commitment	No	Passive Conservative Radical
Anna Mazza	Camorra	Wife of Mafia boss Gennaro Mocccia	Passive commitment	No	Passive Conservative Radical
Rita Di Giovine	‘Ndrangheta	Daughter of Mafioso Rosario Di Giovine	Active commitment	Yes	Defector
Marisa Merico	‘Ndrangheta	Daughter of Mafia boss Don Emilio DiGiovine	Active commitment	Yes	Defector
Giuseppina Vitale	Cosa Nostra	Sister of Mafia bosses Leonardo, Michele and Vito Vitale	Active commitment	Yes	Defector
Maria Rosaria Mingiano	Sacra Corona Unita	Wife of Mafioso Maurizio Cagnazzo	Active commitment	Yes	Defector
Antonella Madonna	Camorra	Wife of Mafia boss Natale Dantese	Active Commitment	Yes	Defector
Rita Atria	Cosa Nostra	Daughter of Mafia boss don Vito Atria	No	Yes	Rebel
Piera Aiello	Cosa Nostra	Wife of Mafioso Nicolò Atria	No	Yes	Rebel
Petralia Margaret	Cosa Nostra	Wife of Mafioso Gaspare Sugamiele	No	Yes	Rebel
Felicia Bartolotta Impastato	Cosa Nostra	Wife of Mafioso Luigi Impastato	No	Yes	Rebel

Table 3. The Feminist Theory of Belief and Action.

Formulation	Socially constructed women identities
	Desired personal traits of the mafiosi culture
> 0
	Active and passive conservative radicals
	Personal traits that defy the mafiosi culture
> 1
	Defectors and rebels Personal traits who are disabled to resist the mafiosi culture
= 0
	Women who are against the Mafia but cannot take any action

Bmc = Belief system of the mafiosi culture.

Amc = Action accordance with the mafiosi culture.

B(Amc) = Belief system (against the mafiosi culture).

A(Amc) = Action (against the mafiosi culture).

Occ = Oppression of the mafiosi culture.

P = Patriarchy.