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Case-Series

A modeller's perspective on infection dynamics within and between hosts

Pages 169-178 | Received 01 Oct 2012, Accepted 08 Oct 2012, Published online: 05 Nov 2012

Figures & data

Figure 1. (a) Within-host infection feedback loop. (b) Between-host infection feedback loop.

Figure 1. (a) Within-host infection feedback loop. (b) Between-host infection feedback loop.

Figure 2. Schematic representation of an infection process that includes feedback loops between the parasites (3), the host resources (2), the host's immunity (1) and transmission (4).

Figure 2. Schematic representation of an infection process that includes feedback loops between the parasites (3), the host resources (2), the host's immunity (1) and transmission (4).

Figure 3. Schematic representation of the EAE model. (a) The full model. (b) Highlights of the positive feedback loops within the immune cell populations. (c) Highlights of the interacting negative feedback loops between the immune cells.

Figure 3. Schematic representation of the EAE model. (a) The full model. (b) Highlights of the positive feedback loops within the immune cell populations. (c) Highlights of the interacting negative feedback loops between the immune cells.

Figure 4. Schematic representation of the paratuberculosis model. (a) The full model. (b) Highlights of the within-host parasite reproduction cycle including a feedback loop with the host resources through the attraction of uninfected macrophages to the site of infection by free parasites. (c) Highlights of the differential influence of Type 1 and Type 2 adaptive immunity on the reproduction feedback loop.

Figure 4. Schematic representation of the paratuberculosis model. (a) The full model. (b) Highlights of the within-host parasite reproduction cycle including a feedback loop with the host resources through the attraction of uninfected macrophages to the site of infection by free parasites. (c) Highlights of the differential influence of Type 1 and Type 2 adaptive immunity on the reproduction feedback loop.

Figure 5. Schematic representation of the coccidiosis model. (a) The full model. (b) Highlights of the within-between host infection feedback loop. (c) Highlights of the within-between host immunity feedback loop.

Figure 5. Schematic representation of the coccidiosis model. (a) The full model. (b) Highlights of the within-between host infection feedback loop. (c) Highlights of the within-between host immunity feedback loop.

Figure 6. Schematic representation of malaria I model. (a) The full model with all interacting feedback loops. (b) Highlights of the within-host feedback loop between adaptive immunity and parasite reproduction. (c) Highlights of the feedback loop between host adaptive immunity and transmission. (d) Highlights of the feedback loop between parasite reproduction and transmission.

Figure 6. Schematic representation of malaria I model. (a) The full model with all interacting feedback loops. (b) Highlights of the within-host feedback loop between adaptive immunity and parasite reproduction. (c) Highlights of the feedback loop between host adaptive immunity and transmission. (d) Highlights of the feedback loop between parasite reproduction and transmission.

Figure 7. Schematic representation of malaria II model. (a) The full model. (b) Highlights of the feedback loop between parasite reproduction and the host's resources. (c) Highlights of the feedback loop between malaria-induced host mortality, transmission and parasite reproduction.

Figure 7. Schematic representation of malaria II model. (a) The full model. (b) Highlights of the feedback loop between parasite reproduction and the host's resources. (c) Highlights of the feedback loop between malaria-induced host mortality, transmission and parasite reproduction.

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