Naturally occurring level of mixed aflatoxins B and G stimulate toll-like receptor-4 in bovine mononuclear cells

Figures & data

Table1. Sequences, annealing temperature (T_a ) of designed primers, expected PCR fragment sizes (bp) and accession (Acc) numbers.

Gene symbol and (Acc number)	Primer sequence (5′ → 3′)	cDNA PCR product (bp)	Ta (°C)
GAPDH (NM_001034034.2)	F: ATTCTAGGCTACACTGAG	132	55
	R: ATTGTCGTACCAGGAAAT
TLR4 (NM_138554.4)	F: AGACATTTAGGCAGCCA	120	55
	R: GGTGGAGAGGTGGTTTA

Figure1. The dynamics, detection and quantification of TLR4 gene expression (left panel) and viability (right panel) in mAFs and/or LPS-exposed bovine PBMCs during different time points. The differences between each group and its respective control (***p < 0.001). Neither mAFs nor LPS had negative effects on PBMCs viability. Mean (±SEM) values based on 10 dairy cows, and for the absorbance at 570 nm by MTT assay, see lower right panel (n = 6 biological repeats). RFC is relative fold change, i.e., relative to their non-treated counterparts.

Figure2. Aflatoxins in feed are mainly classified into four types based on their structure: AFB₁, AFB₂, AFG₁ and AFG₂. OMe means methoxy.