Dynamics of acylcarnitines, hypoglycin A, méthylènecyclopropylglycine and their metabolites in a Kladruber stallion with atypical myopathy

Figures & data

Table 1. Plasma CK activity and blood concentrations of HGA, MCPA-carnitine, MCPA-glycine, and MCPF-carnitine in AM horse (reference range of CK is 110–250 IU/L).

Day of hospitalisation	CK activity [IU/L]	Concentration of the following analytes [µmol/L]:
		HGA	MCPA-carnitine	MCPA-glycine	MCPF-carnitine
1	516,879	6.574	0.083	0.565	0.208
2	804,101	2.335	0.022	0.287	0.074
3	737,568	1.173	0.008	0.153	0.035
4	396,276	0.557	0.006	<dl	0.032
5	145,665	0.224	<dl	<dl	0.005
6	27,534	0.230	<dl	<dl	<dl
7	10,710	0.220	<dl	<dl	<dl
8	5,821	0.219	<dl	<dl	<dl
9	3,409	0.150	<dl	<dl	<dl
10	2,244	0.131	<dl	<dl	<dl
12	1,185	0.076	<dl	<dl	<dl
15	586	0.091	<dl	<dl	<dl

CK, creatine kinase; HGA, hypoglycin A; MCPA-carnitine, methylencyclopropylacetyl-carnitine; MCPA-glycine, methylencyclopropylacetyl-glycine; MCPF-carnitine, methylencyclopropylformyl-carnitine; dl, detection limit.

Figure 1. (A) Plasma CK activity in the affected horse during hospitalization. (B) HGA, MCPA-carnitine, MCPA-glycine, and MCPF-carnitine concentrations over time. (C) Concentration changes of nine acylcarnitines strongly correlating with dynamic of HGA.

Figure 2. Principal component analysis: (A) score plot of AM-affected horse during 15 days of hospitalisation (red) and 12 samples from healthy controls (blue); (B) loading plot of carnitine and 31 acylcarnitines.

Table 2. Blood concentrations of carnitine and 31 acylcarnitines in the AM-affected horse on the first day of hospitalization and 95^th percentile of healthy controls [µmol/l] with elevated values in bold.

Acylcarnitine	Full name	AM patient	Healthy controls
C0	L-carnitine	9.535	13.120
C2	acetyl-L-carnitine	4.994	4.410
C3	propionyl-L-carnitine	0.688	0.593
C3-DC + C4-OH	malonyl-L-carnitine/hydroxybutyryl-L-carnitine	0.175	0.051
C4	butyryl-L-carnitine	6.701	0.596
C4-DC + C5-OH	succinyl-L-carnitine/hydroxyvaleryl-L-carnitine	0.128	0.291
C5	valeryl-L-carnitine	9.625	1.000
C5:1	tiglyl-L-carnitine	0.034	0.031
C5-DC	glutaryl-L-carnitine	0.719	0.301
C6	hexanoyl-L-carnitine	1.537	0.023
C6-DC + C7-OH	adipoyl-L-canitine/hydroxyheptanoyl-L-carnitine	0.069	0.034
C8	octanoyl-L-carnitine	0.377	0.024
C8:1	octenoyl-L-carnitine	0.421	0.010
C10	decanoyl-L-carnitine	0.147	0.008
C10:1	decenoyl-L-carnitine	0.141	0.013
C10:2	decadienoyl-L-carnitin	0.327	0.012
C12	lauroyl-L-carnitine	0.068	0.007
C12:1	dodecenoyl-L-carnitine	0.057	0.013
C14	tetradecanoyl-L-carnitine	0.077	0.056
C14:1	tetradecenoyl-L-carnitine	0.073	0.019
C14:2	tetradecadienoyl-L-carnitine	0.021	0.006
C14-OH	hydroxytetradecaenoyl-L-carnitine	0.021	0.004
C16	palmitoyl-L-carnitine	0.502	1.048
C16:1	hexadecenoyl-L-carnitine	0.054	0.047
C16-OH	hydroxyhexadecanoyl-L-carnitine	0.033	0.008
C16:1-OH	hydroxyhexadecenoyl-L-carnitine	0.041	0.057
C18	stearoyl-L-carnitine	0.411	0.843
C18:1	oleoyl-L-carnitine	0.401	0.759
C18:2	linoleoyl-L-carnitine	0.045	0.093
C18-OH	hydroxyoctadecanoyl-L-carnitine	0.010	0.005
C18:1-OH	hydroxyoctadecenoyl-L-carnitine	0.030	0.014
C18:2-OH	hydroxyoctadecadienoyl-L-carnitine	0.017	0.016

Data availability statement

The attachment presented in this study is included in the Supplementary material. Other questions can be directed to the corresponding authors.