Differences in intestinal and renal Ca and P uptake in three different breeds of growing-finishing pigs

Figures & data

Table 1. Differences in bone length (cm) among three breeds of growing-finishing pigs.

Item	Duroc pig	XCB pig	TYB pig	SEM	P-values
Femur
80 D	126.77^Ca	98.42^Cb	99.10^Cb	2.79	<0.001
125 D	168.20^Ba	133.67^Bb	134.15^Bb	3.53	<0.001
185 D	204.31^Aa	167.34^Ac	178.40^Ab	3.24	<0.001
SEM	7.07	5.57	6.84
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Tibia
80 D	115.82^Ca	91.74^Cb	95.25^Cb	2.37	<0.001
125 D	157.23^Ba	124.83^Bb	125.36^Bb	3.46	<0.001
185 D	183.83^Aa	154.84^Ab	160.27^Ab	2.67	<0.001
SEM	6.29	5.17	5.70
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Rib
80 D	114.34^Ca	93.34^Cb	94.19^Cb	2.17	<0.001
125 D	152.37^Ba	125.91^Bb	126.85^Bb	2.79	<0.001
185 D	174.86^Aa	153.19^Ab	159.60^Ab	2.26	<0.001
SEM	5.72	4.83	5.67
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Lumbar vertebrae
80 D	24.68^Ba	18.38^Bb	18.93^Bb	0.60	<0.001
125 D	32.68^Aa	26.58^Ab	26.84^Ab	0.66	<0.001
185 D*	—	—	—
SEM	1.04	1.04	1.10
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Data are presented as means, SEM, and P-values. The replicates at 80, 125, and 185 D were 10 pigs per breed. ^a–cThe mean values with different small superscripts in the same row indicate significant differences among different pig breeds (p < 0.05). ^A–CThe mean values with different capital superscripts in the same column indicate significant differences among different day-old (p < 0.05). XCB, Xiangcun black; TYB, Taoyuan black; 80 D, 80 day-old; 125 D, 125 day-old; 185 D, 185 day-old.

*Lumbar vertebrae samples were not collected at 185 D due to those were cut in half during harvest.

Table 2. Differences in bone weight (g) among different breeds of growing-finishing pigs.

Item	Duroc pig	XCB pig	TYB pig	SEM	P-values
Femur
80 D	103.62^Ca	44.03^Cc	53.07^Cb	5.47	<0.001
125 D	236.64^Ba	110.11^Bb	118.88^Bb	12.09	<0.001
185 D	365.19^Aa	202.68^Ac	236.19^Ab	12.09	<0.001
SEM	23.83	13.07	16.43
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Tibia
80 D	66.37^Ca	29.92^Cc	35.42^Cb	3.39	<0.001
125 D	145.98^Ba	71.90^Bb	75.76^Bb	7.20	<0.001
185 D	221.14^Aa	122.86^Ac	144.90^Ab	8.67	<0.001
SEM	14.14	7.62	9.76
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Rib
80 D	10.66^Ca	4.20^Cb	5.14^Cb	0.62	<0.001
125 D	28.09^Ba	10.92^Bb	13.10^Bb	1.63	<0.001
185 D	44.28^Aa	22.46^Ac	31.29^Ab	2.05	<0.001
SEM	3.19	1.56	2.36
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Lumbar vertebrae
80 D	23.64^Ba	11.21^Bb	12.75^Bb	1.21	<0.001
125 D	53.52^Aa	29.28^Ab	31.15^Ab	2.46	<0.001
185 D*	—	—	—
SEM	3.86	2.35	2.66
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Data are presented as means, SEM, and P-values. The replicates at 80, 125, and 185 D were 10 pigs per breed. ^a–cThe mean values with different small superscripts in the same row indicate significant differences among different pig breeds (p < 0.05). ^A–CThe mean values with different capital superscripts in the same column indicate significant differences among different day-old (p < 0.05). XCB, Xiangcun black; TYB, Taoyuan black; 80 D, 80 day-old; 125 D, 125 day-old; 185 D, 185 day-old.

*Lumbar vertebrae samples were not collected at 185 D due to those were cut in half during harvest.

Table 3. Differences in bone index (g/kg) among different breeds of growing-finishing pigs.

Item	Duroc pig	XCB pig	TYB pig	SEM	P-values
Femur
80 D	4.55^B	4.69^A	4.71^A	0.10	0.779
125 D	3.86^C	3.11^B	3.18^B	0.14	0.057
185 D	5.19^Aa	2.80^Cb	3.09^Bb	0.23	<0.001
SEM	0.16	0.17	0.20
P-values	0.002	<0.001	<0.001
Tibia
80 D	2.91^AB	3.19^A	3.14^A	0.07	0.225
125 D	2.38^B	2.03^B	2.01^B	0.08	0.127
185 D	3.14^Aa	1.70^Cb	1.89^Bb	0.13	<0.001
SEM	0.09	0.13	0.14
P-values	0.003	<0.001	<0.001
Rib
80 D	0.47^B	0.45^A	0.46	0.02	0.874
125 D	0.46^Ba	0.31^Bb	0.35^b	0.02	0.007
185 D	0.63^Aa	0.31^Bc	0.41^b	0.03	<0.001
SEM	0.03	0.02	0.02
P-values	0.003	<0.001	0.075
Lumbar vertebrae
80 D	1.04^A	1.19^A	1.12^A	0.03	0.108
125 D	0.87^B	0.83^B	0.83^B	0.03	0.854
185 D*	—	—	—
SEM	0.04	0.05	0.07
P-values	0.036	<0.001	0.021

Data are presented as means, SEM, and P-values (n = 10). The replicates at 80, 125, and 185 D were 10 pigs per breed. ^a–cThe mean values with different small superscripts in the same row indicate significant differences among different pig breeds (p < 0.05). ^A–CThe mean values with different capital superscripts in the same column indicate significant differences among different day-old (p < 0.05). XCB, Xiangcun black; TYB, Taoyuan black; 80 D, 80 day-old; 125 D, 125 day-old; 185 D, 185 day-old.

*Lumbar vertebrae samples were not collected at 185 D due to those were cut in half during harvest.

Table 4. Differences in bone mineral density (g/cm³) among different breeds of growing-finishing pigs.

Item	Duroc pig	XCB pig	TYB pig	SEM	P-values
Femur
80 D	0.34^Ca	0.29^Cb	0.28^Cb	0.01	0.010
125 D	0.69^Ba	0.55^Bb	0.58^Bb	0.19	0.006
185 D	1.04^A	1.01^A	0.97^A	0.03	0.650
SEM	0.07	0.06	0.06
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Tibia
80 D	0.32^Ca	0.27^Cb	0.26^Cb	0.01	0.002
125 D	0.64^Ba	0.49^Bb	0.50^Bb	0.02	0.001
185 D	0.98^A	0.90^A	0.84^A	0.03	0.194
SEM	0.06	0.05	0.05
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Rib
80 D	0.13^Ca	0.11^Cab	0.10^Cb	0.00	0.038
125 D	0.18^B	0.17^B	0.17^B	0.00	0.730
185 D	0.29^A	0.34^A	0.35^A	0.01	0.133
SEM	0.02	0.02	0.02
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Lumbar vertebrae
80 D	0.20^B	0.19^B	0.18^B	0.00	0.259
125 D	0.37^Aa	0.33^Ab	0.32^Ab	0.01	0.028
185 D*	—	—	—
SEM	0.02	0.02	0.02
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Data are presented as means, SEM, and P-values. The replicates at 80, 125, and 185 D were 10 pigs per breed. ^a–cThe mean values with different small superscripts in the same row indicate significant differences among different pig breeds (p < 0.05). ^A–CThe mean values with different capital superscripts in the same column indicate significant differences among different day-old (p < 0.05). XCB, Xiangcun black; TYB, Taoyuan black; 80 D, 80 day-old; 125 D, 125 day-old; 185 D, 185 day-old.

*Lumbar vertebrae samples were not collected at 185 D due to those were cut in half during harvest.

Table 5. Differences in bone mineral content (g) among different breeds of growing-finishing pigs.

Item	Duroc pig	XCB pig	TYB pig	SEM	P-values
Femur
80 D	14.77^Ca	6.96^Cb	7.83^Cb	0.80	<0.001
125 D	52.62^Ba	24.70^Bb	27.47^Bb	2.75	<0.001
185 D	106.65^Aa	68.76^Ab	73.39^Ab	4.20	<0.001
SEM	8.86	5.29	5.83
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Tibia
80 D	10.78^Ca	5.39^Cb	5.83^Cb	0.58	<0.001
125 D	36.80^Ba	17.23^Bb	17.88^Bb	1.98	<0.001
185 D	75.35^Aa	45.70^Ab	48.18^Ab	3.20	<0.001
SEM	6.21	3.47	3.84
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Rib
80 D	1.48^Ca	0.74^Cb	0.86^Cb	0.08	<0.001
125 D	4.54^Ba	2.08^Bb	2.45^Bb	0.24	<0.001
185 D	8.45^Aa	5.97^Ab	8.26^Aa	0.35	0.001
SEM	0.66	0.45	0.70
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Lumbar vertebrae
80 D	2.74^Ba	1.53^Bb	1.63^Bb	0.13	<0.001
125 D	8.90^Aa	4.98^Ab	5.20^Ab	0.41	<0.001
185 D*	—	—	—
SEM	0.83	0.46	0.49
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Data are presented as means, SEM, and P-values. The replicates at 80, 125, and 185 D were 10 pigs per breed. ^a–cThe mean values with different small superscripts in the same row indicate significant differences among different pig breeds (p < 0.05). ^A–CThe mean values with different capital superscripts in the same column indicate significant differences among different day-old (p < 0.05). XCB, Xiangcun black; TYB, Taoyuan black; 80 D, 80 day-old; 125 D, 125 day-old; 185 D, 185 day-old.

*Lumbar vertebrae samples were not collected at 185 D due to those were cut in half during harvest.

Table 6. Differences in bone breaking load (N) among different breeds of growing-finishing pigs.

Item	Duroc pig	XCB pig	TYB pig	SEM	P-values
Femur
80 D	716.21^Ca	484.19^Cb	456.24^Cb	31.82	<0.001
125 D	1716.98^Ba	1035.17^Bb	1045.39^Bb	75.58	<0.001
185 D	2534.35^Aa	1891.76^Ab	2043.80^Ab	83.86	0.001
SEM	170.13	117.46	146.33
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Tibia
80 D	803.28^Ca	467.32^Cb	441.36^Cb	38.82	<0.001
125 D	1922.00^Ba	1042.04^Bb	1057.52^Bb	91.55	<0.001
185 D	2923.23^Aa	1936.83^Ab	2089.60^Ab	121.86	<0.001
SEM	200.05	125.25	151.82
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Rib
80 D	39.59^C	30.33^C	38.94^B	1.88	0.073
125 D	93.63^Ba	62.81^Bb	54.89^Bb	4.61	0.001
185 D	136.18^Ab	118.89^Ab	214.40^Aa	12.13	0.002
SEM	9.74	7.83	18.45
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Data are presented as means, SEM, and P-values. The replicates at 80, 125, and 185 D were 10 pigs per breed. ^a–cThe mean values with different small superscripts in the same row indicate significant differences among different pig breeds (p < 0.05). ^A–CThe mean values with different capital superscripts in the same column indicate significant differences among different day-old (p < 0.05). XCB, Xiangcun black; TYB, Taoyuan black; 80 D, 80 day-old; 125 D, 125 day-old; 185 D, 185 day-old.

Figure 1. Differences in bone ash content among three breeds of growing-finishing pigs. Values are shown as means with their SEM. The replicates at 80, 125, and 185 D were six pigs per breed. Different small letters (a, b, and c) indicate significant differences among different pig breeds at the same day-old (p < 0.05). 80, 125, and 185 D, represent 80, 125, and 185 day-old, respectively.

Figure 2. Differences in serum concentrations of osteogenesis factors (A–D) and bone resorption markers (E–F) among three breeds of growing-finishing pigs. Different small letters (a and b) indicate significant differences among different pig breeds at the same day-old (p < 0.05). 80, 125, and 185 D, represent 80, 125, and 185 day-old, respectively.

BMP-2 = bone morphogenetic protein-2; BALP = bone alkaline phosphatase; OC = osteocalcin; PINP = procollagen I N-terminal propeptide; TRACP 5b = tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b; CTX-1 = type I collagen carboxy-terminal peptide. The replicates of Duroc, XCB, and TYB pigs at 80 D were 9, 9, and 10, respectively. The replicates of Duroc, XCB, and TYB pigs at 125 D were 9, 9, and 8, respectively. The replicates of Duroc, XCB, and TYB pigs at 185 D were 9, 10, and 9, respectively.

Table 7. Differences in the ATTD (%) of Ca and P among different breeds of growing-finishing pigs.

Item	Duroc pig	XCB pig	TYB pig	SEM	P-values
Ca
80 D	53.55^Ba	39.51^Bb	52.20^Aa	1.90	0.001
125 D	59.92^A	55.92^A	57.17^A	1.53	0.561
185 D	48.83^C	44.63^B	46.60^B	0.87	0.144
SEM	1.22	2.14	1.38
P-values	<0.001	0.003	0.002
P
80 D	47.26^Ab	47.02^Ab	54.80^Aa	1.20	0.013
125 D	42.00^B	38.08^B	41.18^B	1.42	0.501
185 D	29.78^Cb	34.19^Ba	33.66^Ca	0.79	0.039
SEM	1.68	1.70	1.94
P-values	<0.001	0.002	<0.001

Data are presented as means, SEM, and P-values. The replicates at 80, 125, and 185 D were 10 pigs per breed. ^a–cThe mean values with different small superscripts in the same row indicate significant differences among different pig breeds (p < 0.05). ^A–CThe mean values with different capital superscripts in the same column indicate significant differences among different day-old (p < 0.05). XCB, Xiangcun black; TYB, Taoyuan black; 80 D, 80 day-old; 125 D, 125 day-old; 185 D, 185 day-old.

Table 8. Differences in serum Ca and P concentrations (mmol/L) among different breeds of growing-finishing pigs.

Item	Duroc pig	XCB pig	TYB pig	SEM	P-values
Ca
80 D	3.40^B	3.31	3.42	0.12	0.928
125 D	3.86^A	3.61	3.62	0.09	0.491
185 D	3.69^AB	3.32	3.37	0.10	0.254
SEM	0.08	0.11	0.13
P-values	0.040	0.437	0.730
P
80 D	4.08^a	3.45^ABab	2.99^Bb	0.17	0.032
125 D	4.57	4.13^A	4.05^A	0.16	0.354
185 D	4.15^a	3.13^Bb	3.69^Aab	0.13	0.002
SEM	0.12	0.17	0.17
P-values	0.199	0.042	0.033

Data are presented as means, SEM, and P-values. The replicates at 80, 125, and 185 D were 10 pigs per breed. ^a,bThe mean values with different small superscripts in the same row indicate significant differences among different pig breeds (p < 0.05). ^A,BThe mean values with different capital superscripts in the same column indicate significant differences among different day-old (p < 0.05). XCB, Xiangcun black; TYB, Taoyuan black; 80 D, 80 day-old; 125 D, 125 day-old; 185 D, 185 day-old.

Figure 3. Differences in bone Ca (A) and P (B) contents among three breeds of growing-finishing pigs. The replicates at 80, 125, and 185 D were six per breed. Different small letters (a and b) indicate significant differences among different pig breeds at the same day-old (p < 0.05). 80, 125, and 185 D, represent 80, 125, and 185 day-old, respectively.

Figure 4. Differences in serum indicators related to Ca (A–C) and P (D–E) metabolism among three breeds of growing-finishing pigs. Different small letters (a and b) indicate significant differences among different pig breeds at the same day-old (p < 0.05). The replicates of duroc, XCB, and TYB pigs at 80 D were 9, 9, and 10, respectively. The replicates of duroc, XCB, and TYB pigs at 125 D were 9, 9, and 8, respectively. The replicates of duroc, XCB, and TYB pigs at 185 D were 9, 10, and 9, respectively. 80, 125, and 185 D represent 80, 125, and 185 day-old, respectively.

CT = calcitonin; PTH = parathyroid hormone; T4 = thyroxine; FGF23 = fibroblast growth factor 23.

Figure 5. Differences in mRNA expressions of Ca and P transporters in the kidney (a), duodenum (B), jejunum (C), and ileum (D) of three different breeds of pigs at 80 day-old (D). The replicates were eight pigs per breed. Different small letters (a, b and c) indicate significant differences among different pig breeds (p < 0.05).

Napi-IIa = sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2a; Napi-IIb = sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2b; S100G = S100 calcium binding protein G; PMCA1 = plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1; SLC8A1 = solute carrier family 8 member 1; TRPV5 = transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 5; TRPV6 = transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6; CALB1 = calbindin 1; VDR = vitamin D receptor.

Figure 6. Differences in mRNA expressions of Ca and P transporters in the kidney (a), duodenum (B), jejunum (C), and ileum (D) of three different breeds of pigs at 125 day-old (D). The replicates were eight pigs per breed. Different small letters (a and b) indicate significant differences among different pig breeds (p < 0.05).

Napi-IIa = sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2a; Napi-IIb = sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2b; S100G = S100 calcium binding protein G; PMCA1 = plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1; SLC8A1 = solute carrier family 8 member 1; TRPV5 = transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 5; TRPV6 = transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6; CALB1 = calbindin 1; VDR = vitamin D receptor.

Figure 7. Differences in mRNA expressions of Ca and P transporters in the kidney (a), duodenum (B), jejunum (C), and ileum (D) of three different breeds of pigs at 185 day-old (D). The replicates were eight pigs per breed. Different small letters (a and b) indicate significant differences among different pig breeds.

Napi-IIa = sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2a; Napi-IIb = sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2b; S100G = S100 calcium binding protein G; PMCA1 = plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1; SLC8A1 = solute carrier family 8 member 1; TRPV5 = transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 5; TRPV6 = transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6; CALB1 = calbindin 1; VDR = vitamin D receptor.

Data availability statement

The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article [and/or] its supplementary materials.