Oxidative stress in relation to serotonin under general anaesthesia in dogs undergoing ovariectomy

Figures & data

Table 1. Physiological and anesthetic variables measured and expressed with median include HR = heart rate; RR: respiratory rate; SAP: systolic arterial pressure; DAP: diastolic arteria pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; EtCO₂: end-tidal carbon dioxide tension; SpO₂: arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation.

	B	P	A	SI	L	TPI	TPII	SC
HR (Beats min)	130(106/135)	132(97/170)	148(137/156)*	150(132/180)*	140(132/160)*	145(130/175)*	147(132/174)*	134(125/166)*
RR (Breaths min)	40(32/58)	48(36/107)*	12(12/12)*	12(12/12)*	12(12/12)*	12(12/12)*	12(12/12)*	12(12/12)*
SAP (mmHg)	126(112/138)	108(96/132)*	104(98/110)*	108(90/132)*	118(108/120)*	110(102/134)*	108(102/136)*	109(92/126)*
MAP (mmHg)	105(93/122)	98(82/124)	100(96/108)	105(90/126)	110(106/112)	106(97/126)	104(96/128)	103(90/122)
DAP (mmHg)	62(58/60)	52(46/64)	53(50/54)	56(46/68)	62(65/60)	58(55/70)	56(50/66)	58(46/67)
EtCO2 (mmHg)			42(27/54)	40(32/44)*	35(36/45)*	36(32/44)*	34(32/45)*	36(27/39)*
SpO2 (%)			99(97/99)	98(96/100)	98(97/100)	98(97/100)	98(98/100)	98(97/100)
T (C°)	39.0 ± 0.1		39.0 ± 01	38.5 ± 0	38.5 ± 0.02	38 ± 0	38 ± 0.1	38 ± 0.1
CSI (%)			5.2(4.6/6.8)	5.5(4.9/5.6)	4.6(4.3/5.6)*	4.2(3.1/5.8)*	4.2(3/5)*	2.3(0.8/5)*
CSE (%)			4(3.2/4.5)	4(3/4.6)	4(3/4.5)	4.6(3.2/4.9)	4.5 (3.2/4.7)	3(0.8/4.3)*

Body temperature (TC°) is expressed as mean +/− standard deviation. Inspired (CSI) and expired (CSE) sevoflurane concentrations are expressed with percentage variation. B: baseline values; p = 20 min after administration of atropine and meloxicam; A: after induction of general anesthesia; SI: skin incision; L: laparotomy; TPI: traction of the first ovarian pedicle; TPII: traction of the second ovarian pedicle; SC: skin suturing. * significant difference from baseline.

Table 2. Cumulative pain score (CPS): score 0/4; is = skin incision; L: laparotomy; TPI: traction of the first ovarian pedicle; TPII: traction of the second ovarian pedicle; SC: skin suturing.

		CPS
IS	L	TPI	TPII	SC
1 (1/4)	1 (1/1)	0 (1/5)	1 (1/6)	1 (0/3)

Data are expressed with the median and range.

Table 3. Biochemical parameters: Blood glucose, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, albumin and blood urea nitrogen measured at 12 h after the last meloxicam dose.

	Baseline	12h after surgery	p value
Glycemia mg/dl	95 (87–98)	145 (108–150)	.000
ALT U/l	17 (14–26)	17 (15–24)	1.000
AST U/l	26 (14–40)	26 (13–40)	1.000
Total Protein g/dl	9 (5,5–9)	9 (4,4–5)	.371
Albumin g/dl	4 (3,8–6)	3,5 (3,2–5)	.000
BUN mg /dl	17(13–25)	18 (14–25)	1.000

Data are expressed with the median and range.

Table 4. Malondialdehyde (MDA), serotonin (5-HT), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) levels at baseline and at 36 and 48 h after the last meloxicam administration.

	Baseline	36 h after surgery	48 h after surgery	p value
MDA μg\mL	35 (3–74)	53 (16–105)	51 (14–99)	p = .000
5-HT ng/mL	20.9 (18.7–22.30)	27.01 (19.38–42.00)	26.8 (20.15–45.23)	p = .000
CAT (U/mL)	6.01 ± 0.041	4.82 ± 0.094	7.41 ± 0.18	p = .7
SOD (U/mL)	6.42 ± 0.116	5.31 ± 0.135	5.92 ± 0.123	p > .05
MPO (U/mL)	1.37 ± 0.081	1.41 ± 0.089	1.32 ± 0.148	p > .05
BuChE (U/mL)	0.504 ± 0.075	0.641 ± 0.129	0.547 ± 0.139	p > .05

Data are expressed with the median and range and mean ± SD.

Data availability statement

The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.