The effect of preoperative anxiety and ovarian stimulation on gastric antrum size: a prospective observational study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Preoperative gastric sonogram. The sonogram shows a sagittal scan of an empty gastric antrum. L: liver; A: gastric antrum; SMA: superior mesenteric artery; Ao: aorta.

Figure 2. The enrollment flow diagram. GA: general anesthesia; LMA: laryngeal mask airway; US: ultrasound.

Table 1. Patient characteristics and perioperative data.

	n= 49
Demographics
Age (years)	36	[33–39.5]
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.7	[21.1–28]
Medical history
Comorbidities
Healthy	32	65%
Othersa	5	10%
Hypothyroidism	5	10%
Hematologic diseasesb	3	6%
Asthma	3	6%
Gastrointestinalc	2	4%
Hypertension	1	2%
Medications
No medications	38	78%
Levothyroxine	5	10%
Other medicationsd	3	6%
Bronchodilators	3	6%
Beta-blockers	1	2%
Number of previous IVF procedures
No procedures	21	43%
One procedure	11	22%
Two procedures	4	8%
More than three procedures	13	27%
Motion sickness	13	27%
PONV	9	18%
Smoking	5	10%
Perioperative data
Preoperative
VNS anxiety	4	[1–6]
Gastric ultrasound quality score	3	[3–3]
Gastric antral CSA (cm^2)	3.8	[3–4.4]
Intraoperative
Duration of procedure (min)	13	[18–8.5]
Postoperative
Nausea	5	10%
Vomit	0	0%
VAS pain	0	[0–2]

BMI: body mass index; CSA: cross-sectional area; IVF: in vitro fertilization; PONV: postoperative nausea vomiting; VAS: visual analog scale; VNS: verbal numeric score.

Continuous variables are presented as median [IQR]. Categorical variables are presented as n (%).

^a Systemic lupus erythematosus, epilepsy, neurofibromatosis, spontaneous chronic urticaria and fibromyalgia.

^b Thalassemia, antiphospholipid syndrome and thrombophilia.

^c Irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis.

^d Omalizumab, hydroxychloroquine and buprenorphine.

Table 2. Multivariable linear regression model including patient-related factors.

	β coefficient	95% confidence interval	p Value
VNS anxiety score	–0.03	–0.11, 0.05	.40
Age (years)	–0.06	–0.10, −0.01	.02
BMI (kg/m^2)	–0.02	–0.08, 0.03	.41
Motion sickness	0.04	–0.50, 0.59	.90
History of PONV	–0.45	–1.30, 034	.32
Number of previous IVF	0.04	–0.05, 0.12	.40

BMI: body mass index; IVF: in vitro fertilization; PONV: postoperative nausea vomiting; VNS: verbal numeric score.

Table 3. IVF cycle data.

	n= 49
Indication for IVF
Unexplained infertility	3	6%
Mechanical	1	2%
Age-related	8	16%
Fertility preservation	13	27%
Male factor	8	16%
PGT	16	33%
Number of the current cycle	3	[1–5]
Days of ovarian stimulation	9	[8–10]
Number of follicles (>14 mm)	7	[4–11.5]
Oocytes aspirated	8	[5.5–16]
Pre-trigger blood estradiol (pmol/L)	3151	[2015–6300.5]
Pre-trigger blood progesterone (nmol/L)	1.5	[0.8–2.5]

IVF: in vitro fertilization; PGT: pregestational testing.

Continuous variables are presented as median [IQR]. Categorical variables are presented as n (%).