Symptoms of anxiety and depression in women with gestational trophoblastic disease compared to women who had a miscarriage: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1. Sample size for cross-sectional, cohort and randomized clinical trial studies.

Two-sided significance level (1-alpha)			95
Power (1-beta,% chance of detecting)			80
Ratio of sample size, Unexposed/Exposed			1
Percent of Unexposed with Outcome			22
Percent of Exposed with Outcome			47
Odds Ratio:			3.2
Risk/Prevalence Ratio			2.1
Risk/Prevalence difference			25
	Kelsey	Fleiss	Fleiss com CC
Sample size- exposed	57	56	64
Sample size non-exposed	57	56	64
Total sample size	114	112	128

Table 2. Biological, sociodemographic, obstetric, reproductive and clinical characteristics of the women who had had a miscarriage and those who had gestational trophoblastic disease.

	Miscarriage (n = 99)	GTD (n = 64)	p-Value
Age; mean (SD)	28.02 (7.49)	25.87 (8.48)	0.0922
	N (%)	N (%)
Ethnicity/skin color: black/brown	74 (74.75%)	49 (76.56%)	0.7925
BMI: overweight/obese	49 (49.49%)	20 (31.25%)	0.0213
Family income ≤1 minimum salary	58 (58.59%)	32 (50%)	0.2817
Place of residence: not in the state capital	19 (19.19%)	33 (51.56%)	0.0000149
Schooling: did not complete high school	30 (30.30%)	24 (37.50%)	0.3404
Not in a relationship	16 (16.33%)	14 (21.88%)	0.3741
No partner support	23 (24.47%)	7 (12.28%)	0.0688
No religion	23 (23.23%)	8 (12.50%)	0.0881
Previous history of psychiatric disorder (Previous diagnosis with completed treatment (more than six months ago))	18 (18.18%)	13 (20.31%)	0.7349
Seeing a psychologist	1 (1.01%)	3 (4.69%)	0.3007*
Hospitalized due to complication (e.g. need for another curettage/AMIU, Blood transfusion)	8 (8.08%)	17 (26.56%)	0.00138
Outcome of previous pregnancy: pregnancy loss	16 (22.86%)	9 (30%)	0.4496
Pregnancy was planned	32 (32.32%)	31 (48.44%)	0.0390
Pregnancy was desired	84 (85.71%)	49 (76.56%)	0.1374
Wishes to have another child	29 (30.21%)	25 (39.68%)	0.2172
History of miscarriage/stillbirth	31 (31.31%)	16 (25%)	0.3849
	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)
History of miscarriage/stillbirth	0 (0–1)	0 (0–0.5)	0.5175**
Number of pregnancies	2 (1–3)	1 (1–2)	0.0088**
Number of pregnancies	2 (1–3)	1 (1–2)	0.0088**
Parity	1 (0–1)	0 (0–1)	0.0235**
Number of prenatal visits	1 (0–2)	1 (0–2)	0.0539**
Gestational age at diagnosis, mean (SD)	10.81 (4.01)	10.84 (4.14)	0.9676

BMI: body mass index; MVA: manual vacuum aspiration; SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range. *Fisher Exact Test; ** Mann–Whitney/Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test (Kruskal–Wallis test for two groups).

Table 3. Comparison of the scores for depression and anxiety in women following miscarriage compared to women with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).

Symptom	Miscarriage		GTD		p-Value
	Median	IQR	Median	IQR
Anxiety	7	(5-11)	8	(5–12.5)	0.4107
Depression	6	(3-10)	6	(4–10)	0.5193

IQR: interquartile range.

Table 4. Distribution of the frequency of symptoms of depression and anxiety in women who had had a miscarriage compared to those with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).

Symptom (score)	Miscarriage		GTD		PR	95%CI	p-value
	n	%	n	%
Anxiety (≥8)	49	49.49%	34	53.13%	0.9446	0.74–1.21	0.6507
Depression (≥8)	39	39.39%	28	43.75%	0.9313	0.72–1.20	0.5809
Mild anxiety (8–10)	22	22.22%	12	18.75%	1.084	0.81–1.44	0.5941
Mild depression (8–10)	23	23.23%	14	21.88%	1.0306	0.77–1.37	0.8398
Moderate anxiety (11–14)	18	18.18%	14	21.88%	0.9097	0.65–1.27	0.5621
Moderate depression (11–14)	12	12.12%	11	17.19%	0.8396	0.56–1.27	0.3642
Severe anxiety (15–21)	9	9.09%	8	12.50%	0.8588	0.54–1.37	0.4868
Severe depression (15–21)	4	4.04%	3	4.69%	0.9383	0.49–1.80	0.8422

CI: confidence interval; PR: prevalence ratio.

Table 5. Logistic regression: hospital anxiety and depression scale – anxiety subscale.

Factor	Odds Ratio	95%CI	Coefficient	Standard error	p-value
Lack of partner support	4.00	1.61 − 9.96	1.39	0.47	0.0029
Constant	*	*	–0.20	0.17	0.2604

CI: confidence interval.

Table 6. Logistic regression: hospital anxiety and depression scale – depression subscale.

Factor	Odds Ratio	95%CI	Coefficient	Standard error	p-value
Poor education (elementary school only)	3.43	1.51-7.77	1.23	0.42	0.0032
Lack of partner support	4.42	1.83-10.66	1.49	0.45	0.0010
Constant	*	*	−0.90	0.21	0.0000

CI: confidence interval.

Data availability statement

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.