Predictors for cannabis cessation during pregnancy: a 10-year cohort study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow diagram.

Figure 2. Discontinuation of antenatal cannabis use by trimester.

Table 1. Descriptive maternal demographics, obstetric and mental health factors, according to the study group.

	Antenatal THC discontinuation (N = 35)	Antenatal THC continuation (N = 107)
	Mean ± SD (IQR)		p Value
Maternal age	27.6 ± 7.3 (9.8)	28.2 ± 5.4 (6.8)	.325
BMI before pregnancy	21.8 ± 3.8 (5.5)	22.2 ± 5.0 (4.1)	.904
Height	162.0 ± 7.5 (12.0)	161.8 ± 6.6 (9.0)	.698
Weight before pregnancy	57.6 ± 10.7 (15.2)	58.5 ± 1.3 (13.0)	.872
	Number frequency % (95%CI)		p Value
Caucasian	28 80 (66–93)	95 88.8 (82–94)	.187
Nulliparous	26 74.6 (50–90)	43 40.2 (31–50)	<.001
Previous TOP	15 42.9 (26–60)	39 36.4 (27–46)	.499
Mental health disorder (excluding substance use)	17 48.6 (31–66)	30 28 (19–37)	.026
Mental health disorder (including substance use)	19 54.3 (37–72)	41 38.3 (29–48)	.098
Tobacco smoking self-reported	21 60 (43–77)	79 73.8 (65–82)	.121
Alcohol 1st trimester self-reported	3 8.6 (–1 to 18)	12 11.2 (5–17)	.644
Cocaine	4 11.4 (0–23)	20 18.7 (11–26)	.321
Illicit drugs self-reported	6 17.1 (4–30)	26 24.3 (16–32)	.831
THC detection during pregnancy	31 88.6 (77–100)	50 46.7 (37–56)	<.001
THC detection and MH follow-up from the 1st trimester	18 51.4 (34–69)	3 2.8 (0–6)	<.001
MH specialist visit during pregnancy	18 51.4 (34–69)	20 18.7 (11–26)	<.001
Poor antenatal care from the first trimester	3 8.6 (–1 to 18)	33 30.8 (22–40)	.009
Group of low average income	15 42.9 (26–60)	57 53.3 (44–63)	.286

THC: tetrahydrocannabinol; MH: mental health.

Mean ± standard deviation (IQR). Number frequency (95% confidence interval).

Table 2. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis for demographics, obstetric and mental health factors, in the prediction of discontinuation of THC use during pregnancy.

Reference group: antenatal THC discontinuation
	B	OR	OR (95%CI)	p Value
Maternal age	0.30	1.030	0.920–1.153	.607
BMI before pregnancy	−0.347	0.707	0.37–13.454	.817
Height	−0.123	0.885	0.405–1.934	.759
Weight before pregnancy	0.104	1.110	0.360–3.418	.856
Non-Caucasian	1.712	5.538	0.907–33.805	.064
Nulliparous	1.941	6.965	1.553–31.247	.011
Previous TOP	−0.486	0.626	0.194–2.021	.434
Mental health disorder (excluding other substance use)	1.181	3.258	0.236–44.994	.378
Tobacco smoking self-reported	−0.353	0.702	0.175–2.813	.618
Alcohol 1st trimester self-reported	1.029	2.791	0.083–94.108	.566
Cocaine	−1.430	0.239	0.015–3.749	.308
Illicit drugs self-reported	−0.436	0.646	0.074–5.685	.694
THC detection during pregnancy	1.678	5.352	1.328–21.578	.018
THC detection and MH specialist follow-up from the 1st trimester	3.237	25.465	4.431–146.364	<.001
Poor antenatal care from the first trimester	−1.712	0.181	0.023–1.397	.101
Group of low average household income	0.044	1.045	0.306–3.560	.945

THC: tetrahydrocannabinol; MH: mental health.

Table 3. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes according to the study group.

	Antenatal THC discontinuation (N = 35)	Antenatal THC continuation (N = 107)	p Value
Obstetric outcomes
Preeclampsia	0	4 3.7 (0.01–8.5)	.236
Caesarean section	9 25.7 (10–51)	27 25.5 (18–36)	.977
Preterm birth <37 w	4 11.4 (–1 to 27)	33 30.8 (17–36)	.038
GA delivery (weeks)	38.54 ± 2.1 (37.7–39.2)	37.13 ± 3.0 (36.6–37.8)	.005
Neonatal outcomes
Birth weight (g)	3035 ± 551 (2830–3231)	2624 ± 655 (2527–2772)	.001
Birth weight centile	42.8 ± 29 (32.0–52.9)	29.6 ± 25 (24.6–34.6)	.023
SCBU admission	9 25.7 (6–45)	58 54.2 (47–67)	.006
NICU admission	3 8.6 (–3 to 21)	28 26.2 (18–37)	.007
Bottle-feeding	8 24.2 (4–40)	88 83 (76–91)	<.001
Respiratory distress	4 11.4 (–1 to 27)	17 15.9 (9–25)	.111
Neonatal death (1 month)	0	1 1.07 (–1 to 3)	.442
Withdrawal syndrome	0	12 12.8 (5–19)	.009

Mean ± standard deviation (IQR). Number/frequency (95% confidence interval).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [MB], upon reasonable request.