ABSTRACT
This paper makes a comparative analysis of the bureaucracy and administrative development of Bangladesh and Nigeria. The study finds some commonalities of the bureaucratic behaviors of Bangladesh and Nigeria that help to clarify some common features of bureaucracy in developing countries. Although the study of bureaucracies of Bangladesh and Nigeria attempts to highlight some common features of bureaucracies in developing nations, it also provides insights into explaining some potential differences between the bureaucracies and administrative systems of the two developing nations. The study also helps explain the role of bureaucracies in the administrative development of Bangladesh and Nigeria.
Acknowledgments
The author expresses his gratitude to Dr. Hugh T. Miller, Director and Professor of the School of Public Administration at Florida Atlantic University, and anonymous reviewers, for their comments on the earlier drafts of the manuscript.
Notes
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11. Koehn, P.H. The Evolution of Public Bureaucracy in Nigeria. Op. cit
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16. Khan, M.M. Reform for Decentralized Development: Bangladesh's Experiment with Major Administrative Reforms/Reorganization in the ‘80s. Op. cit., 153–154
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18. Khan, M.M. Reform for Decentralized Development: Bangladesh's Experiment with Major Administrative Reforms/Reorganization in the ‘80s. Op. cit.; Zafarullah, H. Public Administration in the First decade of Bangladesh: Some Observations on Trends and development. Asian Survey 1987 , 27 (4), 459–476
20. Ibid., 470–471; Khan, M.M. Politics of Administrative Reform: A Case Study of Bangladesh. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House: New Delhi, 1991, 90
21. Khan, M.M. Reform for Decentralized Development: Bangladesh's Experiment with Major Administrative Reforms/Reorganization in the ‘80s. Op. cit., 155–165
26. Ahmed S. PARC ponders its fate. Daily Star, October 29, 1999
27. Zafarullah, H. Administrative Reform in Bangladesh: An Unfinished Agenda. Op. cit., 63
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30. Balogun, A.A.; Anybe, A.A. The Civil Service Reforms and the Role of Top Bureaucrats in Policy Formulation in Nigeria. Op. cit., 64–65
32. Koehn, P.H. The Evolution of Public Bureaucracy in Nigeria. Op. cit., 212
34. Ibid., 936
35. Koehn, P.H. Development Administration in Nigeria: Inclinations and Results. Op. cit
36. Ibid., 241
37. Dibie, R.; Herron, S.Y. Nigerian Public Administrators’ Perception of the Importance of Managerial Skills. Op. cit
39. Feit, E.W. Military Coups and Political Development: Some Lessons from Ghana and Nigeria. World Politics 1968, 20 (2), 182–186; Koehn, P.H. Development Administration in Nigeria: Inclinations and Results. Op. cit
40. Dibie, R.; Herron, S.Y. Nigerian Public Administrators’ Perception of the Importance of Managerial Skills. Op. cit.; Koehn, P.H. Development Administration in Nigeria: Inclinations and Results. Op. cit
41. Koehn, P.H. The Evolution of Public bureaucracy in Nigeria. Op. cit., Koehn, P.H. Development Administration in Nigeria: Inclinations and Results. Op. cit
43. Ukaegbu, C.C. Are Nigerian Scientists and Engineers Effectively Utilized? Issues on the Deployment of Scientific and Technological Labor for National Development. World Development 13, 499–512; Ojo, O.J.B.; Koehn, P.H. Decentralization and Development Administration in Nigeria. Op. cit
44. Ojo, O.J.B.; Koehn, P.H. Decentralization and Development Administration in Nigeria. Op. cit., 512–514
46. Dibie, R.; Herron, S.Y. Nigerian Public Administrators' Perception of the Importance of Managerial Skills. Op. cit
47. Ibid
49. Ibid
50. Ahmed, E. Development Administration in Bangladesh. Op. cit., 77–85; Khan, M.M. Reform for Decentralized Development: Bangladesh's Experiment with Major Administrative Reforms/Reorganization in the ‘80s. Op. cit.; Koehn, P.H. The Evolution of Public Bureaucracy in Nigeria. Op. cit., 188–215; Dibie, R.; Herron, S.Y. Nigerian Public Administrators’ Perception of the Importance of Managerial Skills. Op. cit., 935
51. Dibie, R.; Herron, S.Y. Nigerian Public Administrators’ Perception of the Importance of Managerial Skills. Op. cit., 931–951; Zafarullah, H. Administrative Reform in Bangladesh: An Unfinished Agenda. In Administrative Reform in Developing Nation; Farazmand, A., Ed.; Greenwood Press: New York, 2002
52. Zafarullah, H.; Huque, S.H. Public Management for Good Governance: Reforms, Regimes, and Reality in Bangladesh. Op. cit., 1385
53. Koehn, P.H. Development Administration in Nigeria: Inclinations and Results. Op. cit
54. Ouma, O.A. Corruption in Public Policy and its Impact on Development: The Case of Uganda since 1979. Public Administration and Development 1991, 11 (5), 477–489; Theobald, R. Corruption, Development and Underdevelopment. Macmillan: London, 1990
56. Koehn, P.H. Development Administration in Nigeria: Inclinations and Results. Op. cit., 245
57. Dibie, R.; Herron, S.Y. Nigerian public Administrators’ Perception of the Importance of Managerial Skills. Op. cit., 932–935
58. Zafarullah, H. Public Administration in the First Decade of Bangladesh: Some Observations on Trends and Development. Asian Survey 1987, 27 (4), 462; Mamoon, M.; Ray, J.K. Inside Bureaucracy, Bangladesh; Jeeva Alternative Words: Texas, 1987; 33
59. Zafarullah, H. Public Administration in the First Decade of Bangladesh: Some Observations on Trends and Development. Op. cit
61. Zafarullah, H. Public Administration in the First Decade of Bangladesh: Some Observations on Trends and Development. Op. cit
62. Koehn, P.H. The Evolution of Public Bureaucracy in Nigeria. Op. cit. 192–193; Koehn, P.H. Public Policy and Administration in Africa: Lessons from Nigeria. Westview Press: Boulder, 1990
63. Abdulsalami, I. The Structure and Functions of the Civil Service in Nigeria. Op. cit., 50–51
64. Koehn, P.H. The Evolution of Public Bureaucracy in Nigeria. Op. cit., 192–193; Koehn, P.H. Public Policy and Administration in Africa: Lessons from Nigeria. Westview Press: Boulder, 1990; Abdulsalami, I. The Structure and Functions of the Civil Service in Nigeria. Op. cit
67. Koehn, P.H. Development Administration in Nigeria: Inclinations and Results. Op. cit
70. Balogun, A.A.; Anybe, A. The Civil Service Reforms and the Role of Top Bureaucrats in Policy Formulation in Nigeria. Op. cit
71. Hope, S.K.R. Development in the Third World: From Policy Failure to Policy Reform. Op. cit., 145
73. Zafarullah H., Huque S.H. Public Management for Good Governance: Reforms, Regimes, and Reality in Bangladesh. Op. cit., 1392; Zafarullah, H. Administrative Reform in Bangladesh An Unfinished Agenda. Op. cit. 2002, 56
81. Dibie, R.; Herron, S.Y. Nigerian Public Administrators’ Perception of the Importance of Managerial skills. Op. cit
87. For example, see Abdulsalami, I. The Structure and Functions of the Civil Service in Nigeria. Op. cit
93. For the developments of civil service reforms in Nigeria, see Omale, I. Organization Development and Change: Lessons from the 1988 Civil Service Reforms in Nigeria. Op. cit