The Multilevel Governance of State Aid for Broadband Diffusion: Evidence from Three European Countries

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary of primary data collection.

	Italy	Spain	UK	Total
Interviews	18	8	25	51
National administration	4	1	2	7
Local administration	3	3	4	10
Broadband providers	5	2	8	15
Representatives of residential and business end-users	6	2	11	19
Ethnography	1	1	2	4
Meetings between local authorities and local communities	-	-	2	2
Meetings between local, national and EU authorities	1	1	-	2

Figure 1. Factors affecting the components of MLG and their relationship.

Source: developed by the authors, based on the findings and Homsy et al. (2019).

Homsy, G. C., Zhilin, L., & Warner, M. (2019). Multilevel governance: Framing the integration of top-down and bottom-up policymaking. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(7), 572–582. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1491597

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