Nutrient requirement and use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by graded levels of customized fertilizer

Figures & data

Table 1. Initial soil properties of experimental site.

Particulars	Value obtained	Method	References
pH	8.4	Potentiometry	Jackson (1973)
EC	0.3	Conductometry	Jackson (1973)
Available N (kg ha^-1)	100.8	Soil was extracted with 2 M KCl and estimated with continuous auto analyzer.	Subbiah and Asija (1956)
Available P2O5 (kg ha^-1)	119.3	Bray’s No. 1 extractant method, Spectrophotometry	Jackson (1973)
Available K2O (kg ha^-1)	323.3	NH4OAC extractant method, Flame photometry	Jackson (1973)
Exch. Ca (C mol P + kg^-1)	7.7	NH4OAC extractant method, Versenate titritimetry	Jackson (1973)
Exch. Mg (C mol P + kg^-1)	3.2	NH4OAC extractant method, Versenate titritimetry	Jackson (1973)
Available S (mg kg^-1)	42.1	CaCl2 extractant method, Turbidimetry	Black (1965)
DTPA Fe (mg kg^-1)	24.3	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry	Lindsay and Norwell (1978)
DTPA Mn (mg kg^-1)	6.5	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry	Lindsay and Norwell (1978)
DTPA Cu (mg kg^-1)	3.9	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry	Lindsay and Norwell (1978)
DTPA Zn (mg kg^-1)	3.2	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry	Lindsay and Norwell (1978)

Table 2. Effect of levels of customized fertilizer on grain and straw yield of rice.

Treatments	Nutrient applied (kg ha^-1)			Nitrogen applied (kg ha^-1)			Grain yield (kg ha^-1)			% increase in grain yield over control	Straw yield (kg ha^-1)
	Basal			Top dressing
	N	P2O5	K2O	1^st	2^nd	Total nutrients added (kg ha^-1)	2017	2018	Pooled		2017	2018	Pooled	Biological Yield (kg ha^-1)
N0P0K0	–	–	–	–	–	–	3446 c	3345 d	3396 c	0	4314 b	5178 c	4746 c	8141
100% NPK (RDF)	31	63	63	47	47	251	4328 b	3843 c	4086 b	22.64	5082 a	6247 b	5664 b	9750
250 kg ha^-1 of CF	35	42	42	45	45	209	4759 a	4130 bc	4445 ab	33.42	5272 a	6400 b	5836 b	10280
350 kg ha^-1 of CF	49	59	59	38	38	243	4896 a	4370 b	4633 ab	39.07	5399 a	7103 a	6251 a	10884
450 kg ha^-1 of CF	63	76	76	31	31	277	4776 a	4800 a	4788 a	43.73	5204 a	7563 a	6384 a	11171
SEm±							93.02	101.5	186.3		105.6	198.7	102.3
CD (@5%)							303.3	331.3	607.7		344.5	648.3	333.7
CV							15.32	14.25	7.53		10.52	5.96	11.36

Each value represents the mean value of three replications; values having same letters of lowercase alphabets are do not differ significantly at p ≤ 0.05.

Table 3. Effect of levels of customized fertilizer on uptake by rice grain.

Treatments	Grain uptake (kg ha^-1)
	Nitrogen			Phosphorus			Potassium
	2017	2018	Pooled	2017	2018	Pooled	2017	2018	Pooled
N0P0K0	46.93 c	36.66	41.79 c	10.01 c	9.56	9.78 c	8.97 c	10.84 b	9.91 c
100% NPK (RDF)	62.38 b	44.54	53.15 b	14.73 b	14.22	14.50 b	12.13 b	16.35 ab	14.41 b
250 kg ha^-1 of CF	67.13 ab	48.29	57.32 ab	15.71 ab	15.18	15.45 ab	13.33 ab	15.93 a	14.75 ab
350 kg ha^-1 of CF	75.98 a	52.10	63.57 a	16.67 ab	14.22	15.39 a	12.75 ab	19.61 a	16.44 ab
450 kg ha^-1 of CF	74.09 a	56.04	65.12 a	18.64 a	17.97	18.24 a	13.86 a	20.88 a	17.41 a
SEm±	2.77	NS	2.96	0.63	NS	1.50	0.50	1.53	0.79
CD (@5%)	9.03		9.66	2.07		3.00	1.63	5.00	2.60
CV	7.34		9.11	7.25		11.42	7.11	15.18	13.52

Each value represents the mean value of three replications; values having same letters of lowercase alphabets are do not differ significantly at p ≤ 0.05.

Table 4. Effect of levels of customized fertilizer on uptake by rice straw.

Treatments	Straw uptake (kg ha^-1)
	Nitrogen			Phosphorus			Potassium
	2017	2018	Pooled	2017	2018	Pooled	2017	2018	Pooled
N0P0K0	38.40 c	32.76 d	35.60 d	7.34 c	5.17	6.95 b	26.75 c	71.84 c	70.91 c
100% NPK (RDF)	46.23 b	54.00 c	50.25 c	9.65 b	8.64	9.28 ab	104.15 b	113.82 b	109.64 b
250 kg ha^-1 of CF	49.57 a	56.29 c	53.11 c	11.60 a	10.18	11.06 a	103.37 ab	125.78 ab	114.54 ab
350 kg ha^-1 of CF	49.15 ab	63.54 b	56.40 b	11.34 a	8.70	10.40 a	112.89 ab	130.97 ab	122.96 a
450 kg ha^-1 of CF	46.32 b	75.12 a	60.12 a	11.45 a	9.56	11.07 a	106.68 a	137.41 a	123.50 a
SEm±	0.96	1.89	0.96	0.21	NS	0.83	2.13	7.17	3.84
CD (@5%)	3.13	6.17	3.13	0.71		2.73	6.95	23.38	12.55
CV	12.50	11.36	9.65	11.89		14.89	4.96	10.36	6.39

Each value represents the mean value of three replications; values having same letters of lowercase alphabets are do not differ significantly at p ≤ 0.05.

Table 5. Effect of levels of customized fertilizer on nutrient use efficiency of rice.

Treatments	Agronomic efficiency (kg kg^-1)			Apparent Recovery efficiency (%)			Utilization efficiency (%)			Partial factor productivity
	N	P2O5	K2O	N	P2O5	K2O	N	P2O5	K2O	N	P2O5	K2O
N0P0K0	–	–	–	–	–	–	43.04 a	207.66 a	41.22 a	–	–	–
100% NPK (RDF)	6.03 d	11.97 d	11.97 d	21.03 c	12.03 c	67.41 d	39.40 c	172.95 d	33.14c	26.65 d	64.85 c	64.85 c
250 kg ha^-1 of CF	8.91 c	26.50 a	26.50 a	20.68 c	24.52 a	115.23 a	43.02 ab	188.74 b	34.40 b	32.69 c	105.82 a	105.82 a
350 kg ha^-1 of CF	10.41 b	22.06 b	22.06 b	34.42 b	15.98 b	98.85 b	38.47 d	181.88 c	33.30 c	35.56 b	78.53 b	78.53 b
450 kg ha^-1 of CF	11.65a	19.17 c	19.17 c	39.49 a	17.09 b	80.43 c	37.77 e	164.95e	33.73 bc	37.06 a	63.00 cd	63.00 cd
SEm±	0.17	0.44	0.43	0.68	0.37	1.51	0.18	1.18	0.24	0.33	1.42	1.42
CD (@5%)	0.60	1.52	1.50	2.37	1.30	5.22	0.59	3.84	0.80	1.14	4.93	4.93
CV	3.27	3.82	3.99	4.55	3.74	2.89	5.88	5.11	6.44	3.74	3.16	3.19

Each value represents the mean value of three replications; values having same letters of lowercase alphabets are do not differ significantly at p ≤ 0.05.

Figure 1. Relationship between AE, ARE of N, P and K and total nutrient applied.

Figure 2. Relationship between nutrient requirement and total nutrient applied.

Figure 3. Relationship between grain yield and response yard stick.

Figure 4. Rainfall distribution at the experimental station during 2017 and 2018.

Jackson, M. L. 1973. Soil chemical analysis. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

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Black, C. A. 1965. Methods of soil analysis part II. In Chemical and microbial properties No.9 in the series of agronomy. Maadison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.

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Lindsay, W. L., and W. A. Norvell. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal 42 (3):421–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030009x.

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