Diagnosis of congenital and infantile nephrotic syndromes in renal biopsies in Minas Gerais, Brazil: Six case reports

ABSTRACT

Congenital or infantile nephrotic syndromes (CNS/INS) correspond to a heterogeneous group of rare diseases in which glomerular renal dysfunction and proteinuria are prominent. The aim of this study is to present six cases of possible CNS/INS with diagnoses based on clinical findings and especially histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical characteristics of renal biopsies. Four cases are presented with diffuse mesangial sclerosis, one of them possibly part of Denys–Drash syndrome and two cases with CNS probably of the Finnish type in patients between 3 months old and 13 years old. The study focuses on the late evolution of Denys–Drash syndrome to end-stage renal disease in a 13-year-old patient and the diagnosis of diffuse mesangial sclerosis in an 8-year-old patient. Thus, it contributes to a better epidemiological characterization of these syndromes, demonstrating cases of CNS/INS in infrequent age groups.

KEYWORDS:

• Congenital and infantile nephrotic syndromes
• congenital nephroticsyndrome of the Finnish type
• Denys–Drashsyndrome
• diffuse mesangial sclerosis

Funding

This study was conducted at Nephropathology Service in the General Pathology Division of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with grants to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa de Uberaba (FUNEPU), and Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH).

Additional information

Funding

This study was conducted at Nephropathology Service in the General Pathology Division of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with grants to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa de Uberaba (FUNEPU), and Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH).