Pollen morphology of the endemic genera of the Madeira archipelago, Portugal

Figures & data

Table 1. List of the endemic study species and the herbarium reference number of the samples examined.

Species	Herbarium number
Apiaceae
Melanoselinum decipiens (Schrad. & J.C. Wendl.) Hoffm.	AZU2712
Monizia edulis Lowe	AZU2719
Brassicaceae
Sinapidendron angustifolium Lowe	AZU2724
Sinapidendron frutescens Lowe	AZU2725
Sinapidendron gymnocalyx Rustan	AZU2783
Sinapidendron rupestre Lowe	AZU2819
Sinapidendron sempervivifolium Menezes	AZU2822
Campanulaceae
Musschia aurea (L.) Dumort.	AZU2717
Musschia wollastonii Lowe	AZU2722
Rosaceae
Chamaemeles coriacea Lindl.	AZU2708

Table 2. Morphological features of pollen grains from endemic plant taxa of Madeira archipelago.

Taxa	P			E			Shape
	Range (µm)	x ± SD (µm)	CV (%)	Range (µm)	x ± SD (µm)	CV (%)
Apiaceae
Melanoselinum decipiens	41.00–48.00	44.70 ± 1.84	0.04	20.00–26.00	23.30 ± 1.62	0.07	Prolate
Monizia edulis	35.00–45.40	40.72 ± 2.49	0.06	18.00–21.00	19.92 ± 0.39	0.02	Prolate
Brassicaceae
Sinapidendron angustifolium	21.00–25.20	23.67 ± 1.09	0.05	22.20–25.40	23.80 ± 0.99	0.04	Spheroidal
Sinapidendron frutescens	24.00–30.80	25.59 ± 1.40	0.05	22.80–26.00	24.99 ± 0.89	0.04	Spheroidal
Sinapidendron gymnocalyx	22.00–24.80	23.42 ± 0.78	0.03	22.00–24.40	22.81 ± 0.79	0.03	Spheroidal
Sinapidendron rupestre	22.60–25.04	23.87 ± 0.76	0.03	21.00–24.80	23.45 ± 0.83	0.04	Spheroidal
Sinapidendron sempervivifolium	22.00–26.00	23.63 ± 0.99	0.04	20.40–24.00	22.81 ± 1.02	0.04	Spheroidal
Campanulaceae
Musschia aurea	32.00–36.00	34.12 ± 1.21	0.03	30.00–35.00	32.76 ± 1.30	0.04	Spheroidal
Musschia wollastonii	32.00–38.00	34.42 ± 1.71	0.05	32.00–37.00	33.71 ± 1.49	0.04	Spheroidal
Rosaceae
Chamaemeles coriacea	24.00–32.00	28.22 ± 2.01	0.07	16.00–26.00	20.99 ± 2.99	0.14	Prolate

Polar (P) and equatorial (E) diameters in equatorial view are shown, jointly with pollen grain shape [given by the ratio P/E = polar diameter (P)/equatorial diameter (E)]. Data are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation of the mean (x ± SD), coefficient of variation (CV) and range.

Table 3. Measurements of ectoaperture (pore or colpus) and exine (sexine and nexine) from endemic plant taxa of Madeira archipelago.

Species	Aperture (µm)			Exine (µm)
	Pore	Colpus width	Colpus length	Sexine	Nexine
Apiaceae
Melanoselinum decipiens	–	5.16 ± 1.04	31.82 ± 2.91	1.60 ± 0.27	0.90 ± 0.17
Monizia edulis	–	4.14 ± 0.57	30.84 ± 1.96	1.38 ± 0.20	0.74 ± 0.10
Brassicaceae
Sinapidendron angustifolium	–	3.18 ± 0.42	15.88 ± 1.71	1.40 ± 0.13	0.84 ± 0.23
Sinapidendron frutescens	–	3.77 ± 1.09	16.35 ± 1.57	1.50 ± 0.19	0.78 ± 0.17
Sinapidendron gymnocalyx	–	4.10 ± 0.67	16.46 ± 1.00	1.32 ± 0.14	0.77 ± 0.12
Sinapidendron rupestre	–	3.68 ± 0.69	17.15 ± 1.13	1.43 ± 0.12	0.95 ± 0.15
Sinapidendron sempervivifolium	–	3.50 ± 0.81	15.84 ± 1.44	1.38 ± 0.16	0.83 ± 0.15
Campanulaceae
Musschia aurea	5.46 ± 0.71	–	–	1.44 ± 0.18	0.74 ± 0.23
Musschia wollastonii	5.92 ± 0.58	–	–	1.32 ± 0.30	0.76 ± 0.21
Rosaceae
Chamaemeles coriacea	–	4.14 ± 0.65	21.42 ± 2.44	1.22 ± 0.18	0.72 ± 0.23

Data are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation of the mean (x ± SD).

Table 4. Measurements of pollen grains from endemic plant taxa of Madeira archipelago in polar view (DEVP = equatorial diameter of polar view; LA = apocolpium/apoporium side; PAI = polar area index).

Species	DEVP (µm)	LA (µm)	PAI
Apiaceae
Monizia edulis	17.46 ± 1.28	7.90 ± 0.57	0.46 ± 0.05
Brassicaceae
Sinapidendron angustifolium	23.34 ± 1.13	6.08 ± 1.18	0.26 ± 0.04
Sinapidendron frutescens	24.68 ± 1.25	6.38 ± 1.09	0.26 ± 0.05
Sinapidendron gymnocalyx	23.16 ± 0.94	5.88 ± 0.90	0.25 ± 0.04
Sinapidendron rupestre	22.56 ± 0.87	5.64 ± 0.79	0.25 ± 0.03
Sinapidendron sempervivifolium	23.32 ± 0.90	6.00 ± 0.67	0.26 ± 0.03
Campanulaceae
Musschia aurea	34.84 ± 1.48	22.24 ± 1.13	0.64 ± 0.03
Musschia wollastonii	34.72 ± 1.99	22.18 ± 1.83	0.64 ± 0.04
Rosaceae
Chamaemeles coriacea	26.12 ± 0.65	6.36 ± 0.91	0.24 ± 0.03

Data are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation of the mean (x ± SD).

Plate 1. Optical microscopy photographs of pollen grains of Madeira endemic species. 1,2. Melanoselinum decipiens: 1. equatorial view, 2. endoaperture lalongate. 3,4. Monizia edulis: 3. equatorial view, 4. polar view; 5,6. Sinapidendron angustifolium. 5. equatorial view, 6. polar view; 7,8. Sinapidendron frutescens. 7. equatorial view, 8. polar view. 9,10. Sinapidendron gymnocalyx. 9. equatorial view, 10. polar view. 11,12. Sinapidendron rupestre. 11. equatorial view, 12. polar view. 13,14. Sinapidendron sempervivifolium. 13. equatorial view, 14. polar view. 15,16. Musschia aurea. 15. equatorial view, 16. polar view. 17,18. Musschia wollastonii. 17. equatorial view, 18. polar view. 19,20. Chamaemeles coriacea. 19. equatorial view, 20. polar view. Scale bars: 10 µm.

Plate 2. Scanning electron microscopy photographs of pollen grains of Madeira endemic species. 1,2. Melanoselinum decipiens: 1. equatorial view; 2. exine ornamentation. 3,4. Monizia edulis: 3. equatorial view, 4. exine ornamentation; 5,6. Sinapidendron angustifolium. 5. equatorial view, 6. exine ornamentation. 7,8. Sinapidendron frutescens. 7. equatorial view, 8. exine ornamentation. 9,10. Sinapidendron gymnocalyx. 9. equatorial view, 10. exine ornamentation. 11,12. Sinapidendron rupestre. 11. equatorial view, 12. exine ornamentation. 13,14. Sinapidendron sempervivifolium. 13. equatorial view, 14. exine ornamentation. 15,16. Musschia aurea. 15. equatorial view, 16. exine ornamentation. 17,18. Musschia wollastonii. 17. equatorial view, 18. exine ornamentation. 19,20. Chamaemeles coriacea. 19. equatorial view, 20. exine ornamentation. Scale bars: 10 µm (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19), 1 µm (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20).