Characterization of Cinnamic Acid-Attached Nonionic Amphiphiles in UV Extinction, Emulsification, and In Vitro Toxicity

Abstract

Cinnamic acid (CA) was covalently attached to nonionic surfactants by condensation reaction. The mass and the molar extinction coefficient of CA residue of each conjugate did not markedly deviate from those of free CA, indicating CA could absorb the UV light after being conjugated to the surfactants. When the concentration of the conjugates in aqueous phase was 0.1% and 1.0%, mineral oil could readily be emulsified by polyoxyehtylene(20) cetyl ether–CA conjugate (CE20–CA), polyoxyethylene(20) oleyl ether–CA conjugate (OE20–CA), and polyoxyehtylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate–CA conjugate (Tween 20–CA). The extinction coefficients of the surfactant–CA conjugates contained in O/W emulsion did not markedly deviate from those of the conjugates dissolved in water, suggesting that the conjugate could maintain their extinction coefficients when they coexisted with oil droplets. According to the result of 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the viability of cell (BALB/c 3T3 clone A31) was greater than 80% for all the surfactant–CA conjugates tested when the conjugate concentration was 0.2%. It is believed that CE20–CA, OE20–CA, and Tween 20–CA could be used as an emulsifier which absorbs UV light effectively.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Keywords:

• Cinnamic acid
• conjugate
• extinction coefficient
• emulsifier
• in vitro toxicity
• non ionic surfactant