Imagining Success: Multiple Achievement Goals and the Effectiveness of Imagery

Figures & data

Figure 1. Graphical representation of the service task setting.

Table 1. Means and standard deviations in the three conditions before and after imagery.

Condition	Preimagery		Postimagery		Post minus pre
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Misses (0 points)
Mastery	8.05	2.70	7.55	2.69	–	2.35
Performance	8.18	2.75	8.23	2.69	0.05	1.81
Dual-Goal	7.33	2.48	6.33	2.39	–	1.84
Hit service box (1 point)
Mastery	10.45	2.94	10.55	2.79	0.09	2.88
Performance	10.59	2.46	9.86	1.98	–	1.78
Dual-Goal	11.33	2.78	12.29	2.53	0.95	2.18
Hit target (2 points)
Mastery	1.50	1.57	1.95	1.91	0.45	1.68
Performance	1.23	1.02	1.90	1.54	0.68	1.55
Dual-Goal	1.29	1.42	1.38	0.92	0.10	1.67

Table 2. Unstandardized mean differences between conditions and effect sizes D.

Comparison	Preimagery		Postimagery		Post minus pre
	ESum	D	ESum	D	ESum	D
Misses (0 points)
Mastery vs. Performance	–	0.05	–	0.26	–	0.27
Mastery vs. Dual goal	0.71	0.27	1.21	0.45	0.50	0.25
Performance vs. Dual goal	0.85	0.32	1.89	0.71	1.05	0.51
Hit service box (1 point)
Mastery vs. Performance	–	0.05	0.68	0.26	0.82	0.34
Mastery vs. Dual goal	–	0.32	–	0.66	–	0.36
Performance vs. Dual goal	–	0.27	–	0.92	–	0.70
Hit target (2 points)
Mastery vs. Performance	0.27	0.20	0.05	0.03	–	0.14
Mastery vs. Dual goal	0.21	0.16	0.57	0.38	0.36	0.22
Performance vs. Dual goal	–	0.04	0.53	0.35	0.59	0.36