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Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 35, 2014 - Issue 1
103
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Research Papers / Artículos de Investigación

Constructs to describe individual knowledge / Constructos para describir el conocimiento individual

Pages 29-57 | Received 16 Jul 2011, Accepted 12 Jul 2013, Published online: 30 Apr 2014
 

Abstract

The basic unit of any cognitive model that attempts to describe individual knowledge and its manifestations must be chosen carefully, as the resulting position on learning, teaching and, in general, of the psychological research subject depends largely on this choice. The objective is to assess and contrast two constructs of enormous significance in cognitive psychology that have been used as cognitive units under different theoretical contexts: the concept in its classical sense, and the scheme in its organismic version. Arguments are presented to show that the latter is more consistent with constructivist assumptions and is more respectful of psychological data such as the Gestalt and prototype effects or the existence of procedural and implicit knowledge.

Resumen

Es importante la elección de la unidad básica de cualquier modelo cognitivo que pretende describir el conocimiento individual y sus manifestaciones, pues la visión que se pueda tener del aprendizaje y de la enseñanza y, en general, del sujeto de investigación psicológica, dependerá en buena medida de dicha elección. La intención es evaluar y contrastar dos constructos de gran relevancia en psicología cognitiva, que bajo contextos teóricos diferentes, han sido usados como unidades cognitivas: el ‘concepto’ en su acepción clásica y el ‘esquema en su versión organicista. Se apilan argumentos para mostrar que este último es más coherente con los supuestos constructivistas y ofrece una mayor adecuación con datos psicológicos, tales como los efectos Gestalt y prototípicos, o la existencia de un conocimiento procedimental e implícito.

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