Democracy, institutions and famines in developing and emerging countries

Figures & data

Table 1. Negative binomial estimates of famine mortality: full sample.

	(1) with DEMO	(2) with Voice	(3) with ControlCorr	(4) with Stability	(5) with Goveff
Constant	−4.807*	−4.726	−10.450**	−5.106	−12.626***
Democracy	−0.770***	–	–	–	–
Voice	–	−0.802	–	–	–
ControlCorr	–	–	−3.793***	–	–
Stability	–	–	–	−1.004	–
Goveff	–	–	–	–	−3.239***
Affected	24.977***	71.443	67.633	67.752	89.752
Calorie	0.001	−0.002	−0.002	−0.003*	−0.001
Water	−0.000***	−0.000	−0.000	−0.000	−0.000**
Intconflict	0.297	−0.206	−0.455	−1.003	−0.153
Logpop	0.263	0.470	0.602*	0.556*	0.714**
Popdens	0.000	−0.006**	−0.005*	−0.005**	−0.008**
1/lnalpha	6.144***	5.047	4.912	5.050	5.005
Alpha	465.949***	155.630***	135.947***	155.953***	149.227***
Log pseudo-likelihood	−415.466	−74.107	−72.878	−74.109	−73.474
Wald chi2	274.31***	34.01***	65.23***	33.60***	74.58***
N	2905	462	460	470	475
Note: *** = significant at the 0.01 level; ** = significant at the 0.05 level; * = significant at the 0.1 level. The estimates were carried out with robust standard errors; clustered standard errors led to the same levels of significance for all the variables.

Table 2. Negative binomial estimates of famine mortality: selected sub-samples.

	Democratic countries				Autocratic countries
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
Constant	−1.934	−7.211	−5.102	−19.101***	−6.753	−5.812	−6.523	−11.910***
Voice	−2.087	–	–	–	−3.333**	–	–	–
ControlCorr	–	−7.517***	–	–	–	−5.619***	–	–
Stability	–	–	0.876	–	–	–	−4.416***	–
Goveff	–	–	–	−8.843***	–	–	–	−3.151**
Affected	46.154	38.393	23.433	44.258	123.250	81.204	49.204**	142.207
Calorie	−0.004**	−0.005**	−0.004***	−0.005***	−0.003	−0.001	−0.003***	−0.002
Water	−0.000***	−0.004***	−0.000**	−0.000***	−0.000	−0.000	−0.000***	−0.000
Intconflict	−0.830	−0.018	−0.852	−1.126**	1.017	0.468	−2.873*	0.698
Logpop	0.770*	0.942**	0.950**	1.824***	0.558	0.229	0.598	0.731
Popdens	−0.005**	−0.006**	−0.004**	−0.009***	−0.025**	−0.028***	−0.027***	−0.022***
1/lnalpha	3.787	3.476	3.788	3.480	5.749	5.643	5.716	5.757
Alpha	44.104	32.346	44.159	32.464	313.724	282.324	303.584	316.358
Log pseudo-likelihood	−36.133	−34.497	−36.329	−34.281	−33.938	−33.629	−33.855	−33.959
Wald chi2	72.79***	57.01***	84.17***	39.20***	56.77***	55.95***	55.52***	53.36***
N	190	197	200	202	272	263	270	273
Note: *** = significant at the 0.01 level; ** = significant at the 0.05 level; * = significant at the 0.1 level. The estimates were carried out with robust standard errors; clustered standard errors (not reported) led to the same levels of significance for all the variables.

Table 3. Descriptive statistics of institutional indicators, by political regime.

Democratic countries
Variable	Obs	Mean	Std dev.	Min.	Max.
Voice	369	0.190	0.408	−1.160	0.990
ControlCorr	390	−0.251	0.567	−1.350	1.480
Stability	384	−0.090	0.698	−1.993	1.401
Goveff	396	−0.194	0.557	−2.520	1.470
Autocratic countries
Variable	Obs	Mean	Std dev.	Min	Max
Voice	476	−1.004	0.530	−2.300	0.200
ControlCorr	468	−0.733	0.571	−2.090	1.620
Stability	477	−0.890	0.869	−3.073	1.017
Goveff	478	−0.788	0.590	−2.270	1.010