Leaving no one behind: how women seize control of wheat–maize technologies in Bangladesh

Figures & data

Table 1. Selected indicators, Santal and Bengali couples in same village.

	Santal couples	Santal men	Santal women	Bengali Muslim couples	Bengali Muslim men	Bengali Muslim women
Low-income	80%	–	–	33%	–	–
Middle-income	16%			27%	–	–
High-income	4%	–	–	40%	–	–
Never been to school	–	68%	72%	–	30%	41%
Farmer on own land	–	5.5%	–	–	62%	–
Day labourer	–	84%	90%	–	12%	3.5%
Housewife	–	–	5.6%	–	–	92%

Source: Uddin (2009).

Note: Percentages rounded up and down.

Table 2. Breakdown of respondents by research method and by gender and ethnicity/religious affiliation.

Research method^a	Santal women	Santal men	Muslim women	Muslim men	Hindu women	Hindu men
Two low-income FGDs	4	5	6	6	0	0
Two middle-income FGDs	4	3	5	8	1	1
Two youth FGDs	6		4	8	–	1
Eight innovator pathway/life history SSIs	1	2	3	2	–	–
Two community profile SSIs	1	2	1	3	–	–
Totals (individuals)	16	11	19	27	1	1

^aFGD: focus group discussion; SSI: semi-structured interview.

Note: See Table A1, Online Appendix, for details on research method.

Table 3. Beneficiaries of training in wheat–maize innovations, by income category.

Income category	Number of individuals (% of total)
Marginalised/low-income	105 (28%)
Middle-income	180 (48%)
High-income	90 (24%)

Figure 1. Key actors and institutional relationships, partly shaped by strategies women develop to access and participate in wheat–maize innovation processes.

Source: The authors. Note: RDRS: Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service.

Figure 2. The power of women’s agency in creating positive feedback loops.

Source: The authors.

Uddin, D. E. 2009. “Cross-Cultural Socio-Economic Status Attainment between Muslim and Santal Couples in Rural Bangladesh.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 7 (3): 1512–1519.

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